Effects of probiotic supplementation on the anthropometric nutritional status of patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin production or utilization. Previous studies have shown a relationship between the gut microbiota and DM, driving interest in probiotic supplementation to modulate the microbiota and glucose metabolism in patients with DM, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Probiotics can influence metabolic factors and improve the composition of the microbiota, possibly helping to reduce weight in patients with DM.

The additional benefit of computed tomography in cancer patients: impacts of sarcopenia and cachexia on quality of life during chemotherapy.

Objective: This study evaluates the effects of sarcopenia and cachexia on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with gastrointestinal cancer during their initial cycle of chemotherapy, emphasizing the significance of computed tomography (CT) in assessing muscle mass.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, we evaluated 60 adult patients with gastrointestinal cancer who started chemotherapy between January and December of 2017. Sarcopenia was diagnosed on the basis of CT findings, and QoL was assessed with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30.

Dietary Profile of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Clinical Remission-A Preliminary Study.

Imbalanced dietary intake is associated with the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and is often observed during the active phases of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Cumulative data also suggest the potential for dietary manipulation in avoiding IBD relapse. However, there is a paucity of dietary data from patients in clinical remission to guide such an approach.

Agreement between muscle mass assessments by computed tomography and calf circumference in patients with cancer: A cross-sectional study.

Background & Aims: Cancer influences body composition, including a loss of muscle mass (MM), associated with worse outcomes. The study aimed to evaluate the agreement between MM estimated by calf circumference (CC) and computed tomography (CT) image as a reference method.

Methods: A cross-sectional study including patients (>20 years) diagnosed with cancer attending a reference center of oncology.

Accuracy of isolated nutrition indicators in diagnosing malnutrition and their prognostic value to predict death in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer: A prospective study.

Background: The study aims to evaluate the accuracy of isolated nutrition indicators in diagnosing malnutrition in patients with gastric and colorectal cancer and their association with mortality.

Methods: Prospective cohort study involving patients with cancer (n = 178) attending a reference center of oncology at any point in the disease trajectory or treatment. Nutrition status was evaluated in a unique moment by body mass index (BMI), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), handgrip strength (HGS), and calf circumference (CC).

Low calf circumference is an independent predictor of mortality in cancer patients: A prospective cohort study.

Objective: Loss of muscle mass is associated with worse outcomes in patients with cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of calf circumference (CC) and skeletal muscle index from computed tomography (CT) to predict mortality in patients with cancer.

Methods: A single-center prospective study was conducted with patients aged ≥20 y attending a reference center of oncology and who had recent abdominal CT images.

Is skeletal muscle radiodensity able to indicate physical function impairment in older adults with gastrointestinal cancer?

Background: Worsening nutritional status in older adult cancer patients can lead to sarcopenia, a condition that occurs with low quantity or quality of muscle mass associated with low physical function. However, most of the studies with cancer patients have only analyzed the quantity of muscle mass for diagnostic of sarcopenia, without exploring muscle characteristics and physical function. The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between muscle mass characteristics and physical function in older adult patients with cancer.

Is cachexia associated with chemotherapy toxicities in gastrointestinal cancer patients? A prospective study.

Background: Chemotherapy is an effective treatment with good clinical response in patients with cancer. However, it can cause exacerbated toxicities in patients and consequently change the course of treatment. Some factors may interfere with this toxicity such as body composition, especially in gastrointestinal cancer.

Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in primary health care: comparison of two cutoff points.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) phenotype among users of primary health care using two different cutoff points used in the literature.

Methods: We evaluated adults and elderly individuals of both sexes who attended the same level of primary health care. HTGW phenotype was determined with measurements of waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride levels and compared using cutoff points proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program - NCEP/ATP III (WC ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women; triglyceride levels ≥150 mg/dL for both sexes) and by Lemieux et al (WC ≥90 cm for men and ≥85 cm for women; triglyceride levels ≥177 mg/dL for both).