Multifunctional alginate/polydeoxyribonucleotide hydrogels for promoting diabetic wound healing.

A multifunctional alginate/PDRN hydrogel system by ionic crosslinking and the Schiff base reaction between oxidized alginate (OA) and PDRN was developed in the present study. Biocompatibility assessment of the PDRN-loaded OA hydrogels showed a significant enhancement in cell viability in human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. In addition, hydrogels showed migratory, anti-inflammatory, intracellular reactive oxygen species scavenging, and anti-apoptotic activities.

Derrone Targeting the TGF Type 1 Receptor Kinase Improves Bleomycin-Mediated Pulmonary Fibrosis through Inhibition of Smad Signaling Pathway.

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has a strong impact on the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether derrone promotes anti-fibrotic effects on TGF-β1-stimulated MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells and bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Long-term treatment with high concentrations of derrone increased the cytotoxicity of MRC-5 cells; however, substantial cell death was not observed at low concentrations of derrone (below 0.

Acertannin attenuates LPS-induced inflammation by interrupting the binding of LPS to the TLR4/MD2 complex and activating Nrf2-mediated HO-1 activation.

Acertannin (ACTN) is a polyphenol known for its powerful anticancer and antioxidant effects. However, its anti-inflammatory effects have not been investigated at the molecular levels. Therefore, to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of ACTN and its signaling pathway, the expression of proinflammatory markers was measured in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.

Fermented Oyster () Extract Cures and Prevents Prednisolone-Induced Bone Resorption by Activating Osteoblast Differentiation.

Osteoporosis is a bone resorptive disease characterized by the loss of bone density, causing an increase in bone fragility. In our previous study, we demonstrated that gamma aminobutyric acid-enriched fermented oyster () extract (FO) stimulated osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and vertebral formation in zebrafish. However, the efficacy of FO in prednisolone (PDS)-induced bone resorption remains unclear.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Promotes Growth in Zebrafish Larvae by Inducing IGF-1 Expression via GABA and GABA Receptors.

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) primarily increases the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons; moreover, it is responsible for the promotion of longitudinal growth in children and adolescents. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether exogenous GABA supplementation activates IGF-mediated growth performance. Zebrafish larvae treated with GABA at three days post fertilization (dpf) showed a significant increase in the total body length from 6 to 12 dpf through upregulation of growth-stimulating genes, including , (), (), and ().

Fisetin Protects HaCaT Human Keratinocytes from Fine Particulate Matter (PM)-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by Inhibiting the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response.

Fine particulate matter (PM) originates from the combustion of coal and is found in the exhaust of fumes of diesel vehicles. PM readily penetrates the skin via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, causing skin senescence, inflammatory skin diseases, DNA damage, and carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated whether fisetin, a bioactive flavonoid, prevents PM-induced apoptosis in HaCaT human keratinocytes.

Anthocyanin-enriched polyphenols from Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae) exert anti-osteoporosis effects by inhibiting GSK-3β and subsequently activating β-catenin.

Background: The bark and petal of Hibiscus syriacus L. (Malvaceae) have been used to relieve pain in traditional Korean medicine. Recently, we identified anthocyanin-enriched polyphenols from the petal of H.

Fisetin Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome by Suppressing TLR4/MD2-Mediated Mitochondrial ROS Production.

Fisetin has numerous therapeutic properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticancer effects. However, the mechanism by which fisetin inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome remains unclear. In this study, we observed that fisetin bound to TLR4 and occluded the hydrophobic pocket of MD2, which in turn inhibited the binding of LPS to the TLR4/MD2 complex.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Inhibits α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Melanogenesis through GABA and GABA Receptors.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is considered the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human cortex. However, whether GABA regulates melanogenesis has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, we reveal that GABA (20 mM) significantly inhibited α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced extracellular (from 354.

Flavonoid Glycosides from var. (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis.

extracts possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anticancer activities in melanoma cancers. Nevertheless, the compounds contain high antioxidant capacities and anticancer activities in melanoma cells, shown to be effective in hyperpigmentation disorders, but whether flavonoid glycosides from . regulate anti-melanogenesis remains unclear.

Fisetin promotes osteoblast differentiation and osteogenesis through GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9 and consequent β-catenin activation, inhibiting osteoporosis.

Fisetin is a bioactive flavonol that inhibits osteoclastogenesis and promotes osteoblastogenesis. However, the osteogenic activity of fisetin needs to be comprehensively elucidated. In the present study, we observed that fisetin significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and bone mineralization in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, accompanied by a significant increase in runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), ALP, collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1 (Col1α1), osterix (OSX), osteocalcin (OCN), and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) expression.

Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses by -cinnamaldehyde in C2C12 Myoblasts.

-cinnamaldehyde (tCA), a bioactive component found in , has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but its efficacy in muscle cells has yet to be found. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of tCA on inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of tCA in LPS-treated C2C12 cells, we measured the levels of pro-inflammatory mediator, cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Protective Effect of Anthocyanin-Enriched Polyphenols from L. (Malvaceae) against Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage.

Anthocyanin-enriched polyphenols from the flower petals of L. (Malvaceae, AHs) possess anti-septic shock, anti-oxidant, and anti-melanogenic properties. However, whether AHs positively or negatively regulate ultraviolet B (UVB)-mediated photoaging and photodamage remains unclear.

Fisetin inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by activating β-catenin, leading to a decrease in endotoxic shock.

Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that possesses several pharmacological benefits including anti-inflammatory activity. However, its precise anti-inflammatory mechanism is not clear. In the present study, we found that fisetin significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE), and cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.

Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Response by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae.

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor, on inflammatory and oxidative stress activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages by estimating nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also evaluated the molecular mechanisms through analysis of the expression of their regulatory genes, and further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of ALA against LPS in the zebrafish model.

Bisphenol A: A potential Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 complex agonist.

In addition to endocrine disruption, bisphenol A (BPA) is known to induce inflammation through the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). However, detailed studies on the mechanism of NF-κB activation by BPA have not been sufficiently conducted. In the present study, we observed that low concentrations of BPA (≤1 μM) upregulated the release of proinflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE), as well as proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-12, and IL-6.

Anthocyanins from L. Inhibit NLRP3 Inflammasome in BV2 Microglia Cells by Alleviating NF-B- and ER Stress-Induced Ca Accumulation and Mitochondrial ROS Production.

Anthocyanins from the petals of L. (PS) possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimelanogenic activities. However, it remains unclear whether PS inhibit the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and assembly.

Indirubin-3'-monoxime induces paraptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells by transmitting Ca from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria.

Purpose: Indirubin-3'-monoxime (I3M) induces cell death in many cancer cells; however, whether I3M regulates paraptosis is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate I3M-induced paraptosis.

Methods: We treated various cancer cells with I3M, and measured vacuole formation (a paraptosis marker) and the regulating signaling pathway such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species, and proteasomal dysfunction.

Fermented Oyster Extract Promotes Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Mediated Osteogenesis and Growth Rate.

Fermented oyster () extract (FO) prevents ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and activating osteogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying FO-mediated bone formation and growth rate are unclear. In the current study, we found that FO significantly upregulated the expression of growth-promoting genes in zebrafish larvae including insulin-like growth factor 1 (), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (), growth hormone-1 (), growth hormone receptor-1 (), growth hormone receptor alpha (), glucokinase (), and cholecystokinin ().

Glutamine Cooperatively Upregulates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in BV2 Microglial Cells through the ERK and Nrf-2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

Glutamine (Gln) is a nonessential α-amino acid for protein biosynthesis. However, the mechanism through which Gln regulates NO production in microglial cells is still unclear. In this study, we investigated whether the presence or absence of Gln affects NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells.

Anthocyanins from L. Inhibit Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis by Activating the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway.

L. is distributed widely throughout Eastern and Southern Asia and considered as the national flower of South Korea. The extraction of several plant parts of L.

GSK-3β-Targeting Fisetin Promotes Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells and Zebrafish Larvae through β-Catenin Activation.

Fisetin is found in many fruits and plants such as grapes and onions, and exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anticancer activity. However, whether fisetin regulates melanogenesis has been rarely studied. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of fisetin on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cell and zebrafish larvae.

Fermented Oyster Extract Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation by Activating the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway, Leading to Bone Formation.

The Pacific oyster, , is well-known as a nutritious food. Recently, we revealed that fermented extract of (FO) inhibited ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis, resulting from suppression of osteoclastogenesis. However, since the beneficial effect of FO on osteogenesis is poorly understood, it was examined in mouse preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, human osteosarcoma MG-63 osteoblast-like cells, and zebrafish larvae in this study.

Anthocyanins from L. Inhibit Melanogenesis by Activating the ERK Signaling Pathway.

L. exhibited promising potential as a new source of food and colorants containing various anthocyanins. However, the function of anthocyanins from L.

Flumequine-Mediated Upregulation of p38 MAPK and JNK Results in Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells and Zebrafish Larvae.

Flumequine is a well-known second generation quinolone antibiotic that induces phototoxicity. However, the effect of flumequine on skin melanogenesis is unclear. Therefore, we, for the first time, investigated whether flumequine regulates melanogenesis.