Anti-Müllerian hormone signaling in the ovary involves stromal fibroblasts: a study in humans and mice provides novel insights into the role of ovarian stroma.

Study Question: What is the involvement of ovarian stroma in the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) signaling pathway and which stromal cells are involved?

Summary Answer: Mouse and human ovaries show high expression of AMH receptor II (AMHR2) in the stromal fibroblasts surrounding the follicles and activation of the post-AMHR2 pathway by recombinant AMH was evidenced by increased phosphorylation of SMAD1,5 and 9, increased expression AMHR2 and upregulation of αSMA, suggesting fibroblast activation to initiate myofibroblast differentiation.

What Is Known Already: AMH secreted by small growing follicles, regulates ovarian activity. It suppresses initial primordial follicle (PMF) recruitment and FSH-dependent growth.

Granulosa Cell Dysfunction Is Associated With Diminished Ovarian Response in FMR1 Premutation Carriers.

Context: FMR1 premutation (PM) carriers are at increased risk of ovarian impairment resulting in diminished ovarian response (DOR) to exogenous follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation. Expanded CGG repeat transcript and RAN-associated protein (FMRpolyG) have been shown to accumulate in cellular aggregates and sequester proteins, thus impairing their function. Sam68 is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein highly expressed in the gonads involved in FSH receptor (FSHR) transcript maturation during FSH-dependent follicular development.

Innovative dual system approach for selective eradication of cancer cells using viral-based delivery of natural bacterial toxin-antitoxin system.

The inactivation of p53, a tumor suppressor, and the activation of the RAS oncogene are the most frequent genetic alterations in cancer. We have shown that a unique E. coli MazF-MazE toxin-antitoxin (TA) system can be used for selective and effective eradication of RAS-mutated cancer cells.