Outcomes after enterostomies in children with and without motility disorders: A description and comparison of postoperative complications.

Purpose: To provide an overview of complications after ileostomy or colostomy procedures in children, and to compare outcomes between patients with gastrointestinal motility disorders (i.e. functional constipation, Hirschsprung's disease, pediatric intestinal pseudo-obstruction (PIPO)) and children without motility disorders (including necrotizing enterocolitis, anorectal malformation and inflammatory bowel disease).

The New Rome IV Criteria for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants and Toddlers.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common worldwide and cover a wide range of disorders attributable to the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be explained by structural or biochemical abnormalities. The diagnosis of these disorders relies on the symptom-based Rome criteria. In 2016 the Rome criteria were revised for infants/toddlers and for children and adolescents.

The pediatric Rome IV criteria: what's new?

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common in children of all ages and comprise of a wide range of conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract that cannot be attributed to structural or biochemical abnormalities. FGIDs are diagnosed according to the symptom-based Rome criteria. Areas covered: In 2016, the revised pediatric Rome IV criteria were published, these revised criteria are discussed in this review article.

Assessing colonic anatomy normal values based on air contrast enemas in children younger than 6 years.

Background: Contrast enemas with barium or water-soluble contrast agents are sometimes performed in children with severe intractable constipation to identify anatomical abnormalities. However there are no clear definitions for normal colonic size or abnormalities such as colonic dilation or sigmoid redundancy in children.

Objective: To describe characteristics of colonic anatomy on air contrast enemas in children without constipation to provide normal values for colonic size ratios in children.

A Child with Local Lipohypertrophy following Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Administration.

Local lipohypertrophy due to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administration is a rare phenomenon. Here, we report a case of an 11-year-old girl who presented with a paraumbilical swelling, approximately one year after the start of rhGH treatment for short stature due to the presumed diagnosis of partial growth hormone insensitivity. Ultrasound imaging revealed an asymmetric distribution of subcutaneous fat tissue at the rhGH administration site, indicating local lipohypertrophy.

A Population-Based Study on the Epidemiology of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Young Children.

Objective: To perform a population-based study with Rome III criteria to describe the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children in Colombia.

Study Design: We conducted a multicity cross-sectional study to investigate the epidemiology of FGIDs in children 0-48 months of age using the Rome III criteria in Colombia. Children with organic medical diseases were excluded.

Functional Defecation Disorders and Excessive Body Weight: A Systematic Review.

Context: Several studies have suggested an association between functional defecation disorders (FDDs) and overweight/obesity in children.

Objective: To synthesize current evidence evaluating the association between FDDs and overweight/obesity in children.

Data Sources: PubMed, Medline, and Embase were searched from inception until January 25, 2016.

Is There A Role for Pre-, Pro- and Synbiotics in the Treatment of Functional Constipation in Children? A Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: To investigate the efficacy and safety of pre-, pro- and synbiotics in the treatment of pediatric functional constipation (FC).

Recent Findings: A recent study reported that the gut microbiota in obese children with FC differs from that of obese children without FC. The gut microbiota may be involved in the pathophysiology of FC.

Surgical decision-making in the management of children with intractable functional constipation: What are we doing and are we doing it right?

Background: Children with intractable functional constipation (FC) may eventually require surgery, often guided by motility testing. However, there are no evidence-based guidelines for the surgical management of intractable FC in children.

Aim: To assess the diagnostic and surgical approach of pediatric surgeons and pediatric gastroenterologists towards children with intractable FC.

Transanal Irrigation in the Treatment of Children With Intractable Functional Constipation.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the treatment efficacy of transanal irrigation and parental satisfaction in children with intractable functional constipation (FC) treated with Peristeen.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey study among parents of children (age 0-18 years) treated with Peristeen for FC (based on the Rome III criteria). Anonymous questionnaires were sent out to parents via mail, these consisted of 25 self-developed, multiple-choice questions regarding the use of Peristeen, current gastrointestinal symptoms, adverse effects of Peristeen, concomitant medication use, and parental satisfaction.

Is There an Association between Functional Constipation and Excessive Bodyweight in Children?

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of functional constipation, overweight, and obesity in a cross-sectional observational study among children in Colombia and to examine the association between functional constipation and excessive bodyweight in this population.

Study Design: Demographics, anthropometric data, and questionnaires were collected from 2820 children between 8 and 18 years of age across 4 regions in Colombia. A Spanish translation of the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III Version was used to determine the prevalence of functional constipation.

Prevalence of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Schoolchildren in Ecuador.

The prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children in Ecuador is unknown. We describe a survey study in 2 schools in Quito, Ecuador, using a Spanish translation of the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III Version (QPGS-RIII). A total of 417 children (51% boys) with a mean age of 12.

Childhood constipation: finally something is moving!

Recent developments in the evaluation and treatment of childhood constipation are likely to influence the way we deal with pediatric defecation disorders in the near future. Innovations in both colonic and anorectal manometry are leading to novel insights into functional defecation disorders in children. Promising results have been achieved with innovative therapies such as electrical stimulation and new drugs with targets that differ from conventional pharmacological treatments.

Management of Functional Constipation in Children: Therapy in Practice.

Functional constipation is a common healthcare problem among children worldwide and accounts for high healthcare usage and costs. Functional constipation is a clinical diagnosis; the evaluation primarily consists of a thorough medical history and a complete physical examination. Additional investigations are not necessary in most cases.

[Inguinal hernia in children: examine thoroughly, treat rapidly].

An inguinal hernia is a protrusion of the intra-abdominal contents (in most cases the small bowel) via the inguinal canal towards the labium or the scrotum and is possible due to the fact that the processus vaginalis has not obliterated. It occurs in 1-2% of children. If surgical repair is not performed within a short period of time, the consequences can be far-reaching.

Folate related gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric cancer, accounting for nearly 30% of all paediatric cancers and 80% of childhood leukaemias. Polymorphisms in folate-related genes may influence the susceptibility to childhood ALL. This review summarizes the results of 14 studies that focussed on the relationship between folate-related gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to ALL and that fulfilled certain quality criteria.