[Pulmonary Artery Intimal Sarcoma Involving the Peripheral Pulmonary Artery, Initially Misdiagnosed as Pulmonary Artery Thromboembolism and Vasculitis: A Case Report].

Pulmonary artery sarcomas are rare, high-grade malignancies, primarily affecting the proximal elastic pulmonary artery and usually manifesting as tumoral impaction on imaging. Due to similar clinical and imaging findings, pulmonary artery sarcomas are frequently misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism or, occasionally, as vasculitis. Herein, we reported a case of pulmonary artery intimal sarcoma initially misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism and vasculitis due to its relatively atypical location and morphology, along with a literature review.

The Prognostic Value of Measuring PD-L1 mRNA Expression Levels in Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

The expression of programmed cell death 1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) by tumor cells acts as an immune-checkpoint when it interacts with its receptor on immune cells, effectively preventing the immune system from attacking the tumor. Inhibitors against PD-L1 have shown remarkable therapeutic activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the prognostic value of this potential biomarker has yet to be conclusively shown. To investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of PD-L1 expression, we examined PD-L1 mRNA levels in surgically resected NSCLC.

A case of an endobronchial metastasis from an endometrial carcinoma.

A 73-year-old woman was referred to the pulmonology department for abnormal findings on chest computed tomography. She had undergone a laparoscopic staging operation including a hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, bilateral pelvic node and para-aortic node dissection, and concurrent chemo-radiation therapy for endometrial serous carcinoma stage IIIc cancer 15 months earlier. A follow-up chest computed tomography after the chemotherapy showed that the right lower lobe bronchus was obstructed, and it was necessary to differentiate a primary lung malignancy from a metastasis and secretion.

Epac2a-knockout mice are resistant to dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy and short-term cold stress.

Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) 2a-knockout (KO) mice exhibit accelerated diet-induced obesity and are resistant to leptin-mediated adipostatic signaling from the hypothalamus to adipose tissue, with sustained food intake. However, the impact of Epac2a deficiency on hypothalamic regulation of sympathetic nervous activity (SNA) has not been elucidated. This study was performed to elucidate the response of Epac2a-KO mice to dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and acute cold stress.

Malignant Transformation of Pulmonary Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma.

Pulmonary benign metastasizing leiomyoma (PBML) is defined as metastasis of a leiomyoma to lung tissue. It was first reported in 1937. P BML is known as a benign disease, but can undergo malignant transformation.

Characterization of smooth muscle, enteric nerve, interstitial cells of Cajal, and fibroblast-like cells in the gastric musculature of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To investigate histologic abnormalities in the gastric smooth muscle of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: Full-thickness gastric specimens were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancer. H&E stain and Masson's Trichrome stain were performed to assess the degree of fibrosis.

Absence of GNAS mutation in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Aims And Background: The incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC) increases every year in Korean populations. However, association between the GNAS mutation and colorectal precancerous lesions has not been studied in in Korean populations. To contribute to better understanding of colorectal carcinogenesis, we analyzed GNAS mutation in 100 cancerous and 96 precancerous colorectal lesions.

Are PIK3CA Mutation and Amplification Associated with Clinicopathological Characteristics of Gastric Cancer?

Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been studied in various cancers. However, the clinical value of mtDNA copy number (mtCN) alterations in gastric cancer (GC) is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether alterations in mtCNs might be associated with clinicopathological parameters in GC cases.

Basal chordae sites on the mitral valve determine the severity of secondary mitral regurgitation.

Objectives: To evaluate the variation between individuals in terms of basal chordae (BC) attachment sites on the mitral valve (MV) and the influence of this variation on secondary mitral regurgitation (MR) severity.

Background: BC-mediated MV tenting is the main cause of secondary MR.

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 38 consecutive patients with dilated or ischaemic cardiomyopathy who were due for cardiac transplantation underwent preoperative 3D full volume/colour Doppler echocardiography in sinus rhythm, and MV apparatus geometry, LV volume and MR severity were assessed.

Is mitochondrial DNA copy number associated with clinical characteristics and prognosis in gastric cancer?

Alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been studied in various cancers. However, the clinical value of mtDNA copy number (mtCN) alterations in gastric cancer (GC) is poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated whether alterations in mtCNs might be associated with clinicopathological parameters in GC cases.

Altered expression of microRNA miR-21, miR-155, and let-7a and their roles in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors.

MicroRNA (miRNA) has a critical effect on tumorigenesis through post-transcriptional modification and is considered to be potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring. We evaluated the expression pattern of three selected miRNAs (miR-21, miR-155, and let-7a) to evaluate their potential roles by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues of 63 surgically resected pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors (19 typical carcinoids (TCs), 6 atypical carcinoids (ACs), 19 large cell NE carcinomas (LCNECs), and 19 small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). Control amplification for U6 small nuclear RNA (U6) was performed in all samples.