[Regional perfusion and oxygenation in the early resuscitation period following prolonged clinical death].

Cardiac output distribution and oxygen supply in the period starting from 15 min after resuscitation to 7 h were studied in 23 dogs exposed to 10 min clinical death caused by blood loss. The ratio of supra- to subdiaphragmatic bloodstream was virtually unchanged. Redistribution of the flow in favor of hind limb muscles was observed in the subdiaphragmatic region only between the 15th and 30th minutes.

[Change in the metabolic functions of the lungs and the content of biologically active substances in the blood of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome].

In 48 patients operated on for peritonitis of different etiology the postoperative period was complicated by the onset of adult respiratory distress syndrome. A considerable increase in the blood level of biologically active compounds (adrenalin, noradrenalin, histamine, serotonin) and the activation of kinin system have been observed. Marked humoral shifts trigger a sequence of reactions manifested in microcirculation disturbances and the onset of tissue hypoxia, thus inducing the damage of metabolic lung functions and the development of adult respiratory distress syndrome.

[Absorption and release of biogenic amines by the lung during the restorative period after hypovolemic hypotension].

The processes of serotonin and histamine absorption and release by the lungs were studied in dogs during 1 to 3.5 hour hypovolemic hypotension and during 24 hours after blood retains fusion. Absorption of biogenic amines by the lungs tended to increase in all the animals under hypovolemic hypotension.

[Effect of nootropic agents on the brain bioelectrical activity and on the indices of neuromediator metabolism in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma].

Clinico-biochemical examination and EEG were conducted in 39 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma who were given nootropic agents in a complex of intensive therapy measures. Four types of changes of monoamine metabolism in treatment with piracetam were revealed which were combined with two types of EEG changes. The authors recommend the time for beginning piracetam therapy depending on the level of traumatic injury to the brain.

[Participation of the lungs in the absorption and liberation of biogenic amines in the postresuscitation period].

After revival from a 10-minute clinical death caused by acute blood loss the transport of biogenic amines to the lungs in dogs did not increase for 3 hours. Their absorption by the lungs was replaced periodically by their liberation; both processes were intensified for serotonin but weakened for histamine. In 6-9 hours during the period of hypoperfusion and reduction of the transport of amines to the lungs the intensity of absorption and liberation of serotonin by the lungs were normalized, while these processes for histamine remained diminished.

[Disorders of systemic hemodynamics in the acute period of severe craniocerebral trauma].

Disorders of systemic hemodynamics were studied in 68 patients in the acute period of severe cerebrocranial trauma. Three types of systemic hemodynamics were revealed: normodynamic--in corticohemispheric level of brain injury, hypodynamic--in injury to the stem, and hyperdynamic--in hemispheric-subcortical damage. The authors consider the hyperdynamic and hypodynamic types of the responses of systemic hemodynamics as a prognostically unfavourable sign.

[Hormone-active paragangliomas of the base of the skull].

Biochemical examination of 15 patients with paragangliomas (PG) of the base of the skull was conducted. The content of epinephrine, and norepinephrine, dopamine, and dopa in urine and the content of serotonin and histamine in blood and tumor tissue were studied. Comparison of the biochemical findings with the vegetative symptomatology allowed 3 groups of PG to be distinguished: catecholamine-secreting, serotonin-secreting, and hormone-inactive.

[Korsakoff's syndrome in the clinical picture of craniocerebral injury].

The localization and the nature of brain lesions are among the most debatable issues in Korsakoff's syndrome (KS). In 28 patients with head trauma the neurological investigation and CT scans helped to distinguish between the following stages of KS progress and reversal: (1) whole brain response with consciousness deterioration and psychomotor excitement; (2) predominantly focal involvement of the right hemisphere; (3) regression of KS clinical manifestations.

[Disorders of viscero-autonomic and neurohumoral regulation in tumors of sellar-diencephalic localization].

Twenty-nine patients with varying degrees of hypothalamic lesion were studied for disorders of viscero-vegetative and neurohumoral regulation. Three types of impairments were identified: intact under-compensated, reduced, and perverted. The type of disorders was found to correlate with the degree of the impact of the pathologic process on the hypothalamic structures.

[Use of L-DOPA in the complex treatment of severe craniocerebral injuries].

The article is based on an analysis of the results of clinicobiochemical study of 15 patients with severe craniocerebral trauma (SCCT) whose intensive multiple-modality treatment included the use of L-DOPA. All the patients presented with direct traumatic lesions of the subcortical structures attended by diminished excretion of dopamine and DOPA. A favourable clinical effect was related to the use of DOPA which indicates that it is advisable that the drug be included into the combined therapy of severe injury to the brain attended by dysfunction of the subcortical formations.

[Status of biogenic amine metabolism in tumors of chiasm-sellar localization].

Histamine, serotonin, and catecholamine metabolism was studied in 47 patients with tumors of diencephalic localization. It was shown that the degree of involvement of the hypothalamus in the tumor determined the different character of metabolic changes of biogenous amines. Three stages of biogenous amine metabolism were distinguished: activation, compensation, and exhaustion.

[Reaction of the sympathetic-adrenal system of patients with tumors of the sellar-diencephalic region in the postoperative period].

The character of the reaction of the sympatheticoadrenal system (SAS) to operation in 51 patients with tumor of the sellar-diencephalic area was studied. A dependence was demonstrated between the character of postoperative SAS activity and the degree of involvement of the subthalamic area and the doses of hydrocortisone given in the postoperative period. The necessity of taking into account the condition of the SAS in conducting intensive therapy in neurosurgical patients in substantiated.

[Changes in the state of the histamine--diamine oxidase and serotonin--monoamine oxidase systems and the activity of the sympatho-adrenal system following experimental occlusion of the aortic trifurcation in dogs].

Experiments on 12 dogs have shown that alterations in the intrasystemic parameters of histamine-diamine oxidase, serotonin-monoamine oxidase, adrenaline-noradrenaline and in the intersystemic patterns of adrenaline-histamine indicate the biological adaptation under conditions of embolism of aorta trifurcation induced by 3-hour occlusion. Alterations in the activity of the enzymes studied underlie the adaptational syndrome. During 6-hour occlusions the activity of monoamine oxidase was relatively decreased.

[Change in the activity of the histamine and serotonin systems in acute obstruction of the mesenteric vessels].

It was shown in experiments on 24 dogs that acute occlusion of the cranial mesenteric artery results, depending on its duration, in biphasic changes in the activity of the histamine and serotonin systems. During intestinal ischemia there was an enhanced discharge of histamine and serotonin from mast cells with activation of their inhibitors (di- and monoamine oxidase). A remarkable inhibition of the histamine system enzymatic unit apart from a fall in serotonin activity because of progressing body poisoning by substances of microbial and metabolic origin were observed during intestinal infarction.

[State of serotonin--monoamine oxidase and histamine--diamine oxidase systems in circulating blood in ischemic strokes].

The serotonin-monoamine oxidase and histamine-diamine oxidase systems in the arteria and venous blood of the brain were examined in 65 patients with ischemic cerebral stroke. The examinations have shown that in the acute period of the disease the metabolism of serotonin and histamine is disturbed, the degree and the character of these disturbances depending substantially on the stroke clinical manifestations, process localization and the disease outcome. In infarctions in the large hemispheres without the secondary stem syndrome, the changes of the amine metabolism are determined by the state of the enzymes inactivating them.

[Use of correlation analysis of clinical biochemical indices for a study of the pathogenesis of acute arterial obstruction].

The role of serotonin, histamine, and the kallikrein-kinin system in acute arterial occlusion during ischemia was studied from the standpoint of multivariate correlation analysis. The mechanisms of their participation in the genesis of pathophysiological disorders in the organism in acute arterial occlusion are discussed. The important role of serotonin and the kallikrein inhibitor in this pathological condition is shown.

[Attempt at mathematical prognosis of the effect of surgery in embolism of the main arteries, according to various clinico-biochemical indicators].

The possibility, in principle, of mathematical prognostication of the results of an operative intervention according to the initial clinicobiochemical indices is shown. The duration of ischemia, the blood serotonin level, and the severity of the atherosclerosis and cardiovascular insufficiency are the most significant of the studied indices influencing the outcome of operation for embolism of the major limb arteries.