Integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 and cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 in high-cancer mice under the influence of phytoadaptogen.

The expression of leukocyte integrins LFA-1 and Mac-1 and cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 was studied in mice predisposed to spontaneous hepatocarcinomas. The efficacy of a phytoadaptogen in correcting these parameters was evaluated. The role of adhesive interactions between immune cells and target cells in the recovery of antitumor regulatory mechanisms was estimated.

Therapeutic efficacy of the neuroprotective plant adaptogen in neurodegenerative disease (Parkinson's disease as an example).

Therapeutic efficacy of the plant neuroprotector Phytomix-40 in Parkinson's disease was demonstrated. This preparation consists of the components from extracts of 40 plants, including some adaptogens (ginseng, eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, etc.).

[A live vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis: the principles of selecting the vaccinal strains].

The comparative, semiquantitative, pathomorphological study of the neurovirulence of clones of Elantsev virus and Langat virus TP-21 for intracerebrally infected monkeys has been carried out. The study has revealed that the viruses may be differentiated by their neurovirulence for primates according to the average statistical data on the degree of pathomorphological changes in the central nervous system, but not to maximum lesions in cerebral structures. The level of neurovirulence of yellow fever virus 17D was formerly considered to be the highest admissible limit of residual neurovirulence of encephalitogenic viruses (flaviviruses).

[The molecular mechanism of the action of antiviral preparations in the adamantane series].

Regions of possible interaction between remantadine and transmembrane M2 protein are revealed by analysis of amino acid substitutions in remantadine- and deutiforin-resistant influenza viruses. The major region includes 5-6 amino acid residues at position 25-31, partially involving the premembrane region and the first position of a hydrophobic membrane-associated domain. The proposed model action of remantadine and its derivatives suggests that remantadine is included into the cell membrane lipid bimolecular layer by its adamantane share and its positively charged NH2-group is exposed to the cell surface.

[The antiviral activity of deitiforin in experimental para-influenza infection].

Deitiforin in HEp-2 cell culture was shown to inhibit replication of the reference PIV-3 strain when administered 1 hour before virus inoculation. The most marked effect of the drug was observed in the first 4 days of observation. In experimental newborn mice infected with parainfluenza virus 3 deitiforin protected the animals from developing the infection.

[Effect of remantadine on the immunodepressive action of influenza virus].

Inoculation of mice with strains of influenza virus toxigenic or pathogenic for these animals resulted in significant inhibition of formation of the antibody-producing cells in response to inoculation with sheep erythrocytes. Inoculation of mice with influenza virus strains having no toxicity or pathogenicity for mice did not lead to the development of immunosuppression. The treatment of mice with remantadine prevented inhibition of formation of antibody-producing cells.

[Effect of viral respiratory infections on the development and course of bacterial sepsis].

Sepsis was diagnosed in 9.5%-14.1% of fatalities in children.

[Experimental model of associated influenza-para-influenza infection].

An experimental model of associated influenza-parainfluenza infection has been developed. Simultaneous inoculation of mice with influenza A2/21/65 and parainfluenza type 3 or inoculation with these viruses at an interval of 24 hours was shown to produce a considerably more severe disease as manifested by the development of severe confluent pneumonias involving both lungs and death of the inoculated animals. The animals with the associated infection showed no significant difference in antibody titers or the intensity of immunity as compared with control groups (influenza or parainfluenza monoinfection).

[Comparative study of the antiviral activity of rimantadine and bonafton].

The results of the study on toxicity and the antiviral activity of bonaphthone and rimantadine are presented. A high toxicity of bonaphthone for developing chick embryos was demonstrated, the maximum non-toxic dose of bonaphthone being about 10 microgram/embryo, while for rimantadine it was above 1000 microgram/embryo. In white mice, however, the toxicity of these two drugs was approximately similar.

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of tick-borne encephalitis].

The main cause of progressive forms of tickborne encephalitis is a prolonged persistence of certain viral strains in the brain. Although there are no virals with a selective capability to lead only to an acute or chronic encephalitis, nevertheless in the epidemiological process there is a selection of virals capable of bringing on chronic forms of the disease. In cases of an incapacity of immunological factors bor a defence during the initial phase of the infectious process there may be prerequisites to a fixation of the virals in the brain and a chronic development of the neuroinfections.

[Study of formation of amantidine and rimantidine resistant variants of influenza A2 subtype virus].

Passages of influenza A2/Hong Kong/68 in developing chick embryos in the presence of amantadine and rimantadine were carried out and demonstrated rapid development of a resistant virus line under these conditions. Changes in the sensitivity of the virus to the drug were due to selection of resistant particles from genetically inhomogenous original virus strain. The rate of formation of the resistant population was shown to be clearly dependent upon the amount of amantadine inoculated into embryos.

Experience in the study of a live vaccine made from the TP-21 strain of Malayan Langat virus.

The reaction-causing properties and immunogenicity of 2 cloned variants of the Malayan tick virus, Langat TP-21 strain, were studied. One clone, which was not pathogenic for rhesus monkeys when inoculated intracerebrally, caused the formation of antibody in moderate titre against tick-borne encephalitis virus in over 70% of persons given 2 inoculations of a live vaccine prepared from it. The other variant, which was pathogenic for rhesus monkeys, was characterized by greater immunogenicity but when given as a live vaccine caused acutely febrile reactions and other side-effects in 10% of inoculated persons 6 to 8 days after administration.

Material for the study ofvariation in the Malayan Langat virus (TP-21 strain).

The lack of genetic uniformity of the Malayan Langat virus, TP-21 strain isolated from Ixodes granulatus ticks in Malaya, was demonstrated.Increased pathogenicity of the virus for white mice and rhesus monkeys after passage through chick-embryo fibroblast cultures at temperatures of 36 degrees C and 40 degrees C is due to the selection of the pathogenic virus particles which are always present in the initial brain-tissue suspension of the TP-21 Langat strain.The frequency of the occurrence of pathogenic clones and their selection rate was studied in relation to the conditions of cultivation.