Pathogenesis of macular edema with branch retinal vein occlusion and intraocular levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-6.

Purpose: To determine whether correlations between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) contribute to the pathogenesis of macular edema in eyes of patients with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

Design: Retrospective case-control study.

Methods: Nineteen patients with macular edema with BRVO and seven patients with non-ischemic ocular disease (control group) were studied.

Severe ocular and orbital toxicity after intracarotid injection of carboplatin for recurrent glioblastomas.

Background: Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor that occurs in the cerebrum during adulthood. With current treatment regimens including combined surgery, radiation and chemotherapy, the average life expectancy of the patients is limited to approximately 1 year. Therefore, patients with glioblastoma sometimes have intracarotid injection of carcinostatics added to the treatment regimen.