Improvement of active salivary gland ultrasonography findings in Sjögren's syndrome in response to short-term glucocorticoid treatment: A case report and review of the literature.

Salivary gland ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging technique that helps in the diagnosis and assessment of disease activity in Sjögren's syndrome. However, it remains unclear whether the salivary gland ultrasonography findings are reversible in response to treatment. We present a case of a woman in her 20s who presented with parotid swelling and pain lasting for 3 months.

Efficacy of once-weekly teriparatide for primary prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A post hoc analysis of the TOWER-GO study.

Objectives: A post hoc analysis of the Teriparatide Once-Weekly Efficacy Research for Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis (TOWER-GO) study was performed to examine the effect of once-weekly administration of 56.5 μg teriparatide on primary prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP).

Methods: Of the subjects of the TOWER-GO study, 73 were included.

A Susceptible Period of Photic Day-Night Rhythm Loss in Common Marmoset Social Behavior Development.

The prevalence of neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as pervasive developmental disorders is rapidly increasing worldwide. Although these developmental disorders are known to be influenced by an individual's genetic background, the potential biological responses to early life's environmental exposure to both physical and psychological factors must also be considered. Many studies have acknowledged the influence of shorter time for rest at night and the simultaneous occurrence of various kinds of complications involving developmental disorders.

Efficacy of once-weekly teriparatide in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: the TOWER-GO study.

Introduction: Bisphosphonates are the standard treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) with teriparatide being another option. While daily teriparatide has been shown to be effective in increasing bone mineral density (BMD), the efficacy of once-weekly teriparatide (56.5 µg) has not yet been evaluated.

Factors influencing the prescribed dose of opioid analgesics in cancer patients.

The dose of opioids prescribed for cancer pain does not always correlate with the actual pain severity. However, there is little evidence to explain this observation. In the present study, we sought to determine factors that influence the dose of opioid analgesics.

[Metabolism of bone and calcium period in perinatal patients treated with glucocorticoids.].

Pregnancy and child birth are possible even in young females with diseases to be treated with glucocorticoid by controlling disease activity and careful follow-up. There is no description about expectant and nursing mothers in the guide lines for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis published in many countries. Obtaining informed consent is more important for understanding the benefit and risk of the pregnancy and child birth during the glucocorticoid treatment in the female patients, to whom getting a child is very meaningful.

The spinal cord of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

The marmoset spinal cord possesses all the characteristic features of a typical mammalian spinal cord, but with some interesting variation in the levels of origin of the limb nerves. In our study Nissl and ChAT sections of the each segment of the spinal cord in two marmosets (Ma5 and Ma8), we found that the spinal cord can be functionally and anatomically divided into six regions: the prebrachial region (C1 to C3); the brachial region (C4 to C8) - segments supplying the upper limb; the post-brachial region (T1 to L1) - containing the sympathetic outflow, and supplying the hypaxial muscles of the body wall; the crural region (L2 to L5) - segments supplying the lower limb; the postcrural region (L6) - containing the parasympathetic outflow; and the caudal region (L7 to Co4) - supplying the tail. In the rat, mouse, and rhesus monkey, the prebrachial region consists of segments C1 to C4 (with the phrenic nucleus located at the C4 segment), and the brachial region extends from C5 to T1 inclusive.

The olfactory bulb and the number of its glomeruli in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

The olfactory system has been well studied in mammals such as mice and rats. However, few studies have focused on characterizing this system in diurnal primates that rely on their sense of smell to a lesser extent due to their ecological environment. In the present study, we determined the histological organization of the olfactory bulb in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Susceptible period of socio-emotional development affected by constant exposure to daylight.

As a diurnal experimental primate, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has recently contributed to numerous kinds of studies of neurobiological psychiatry as an essential pre-clinical model. The marmoset matures sexually within one or two years after birth. Thus, we can observe how the primate learns and develops psycho-cognitive functions through experiences in experimental environment for a much shorter period compared to that of humans.

[Glucocorticoid and Bone. Efficacy and safety of bisphosphonate in treatment of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis].

Glucocorticoids (GCs) were widely used for the treatment of various disorders. And Osteoporosis is one of the major complications of glucocorticoid therapy. An increased risk of both vertebral and nonvertebral fractures has been reported with dosages of prednisolone or equivalent as low as 2.

Adherence and persistence with once-daily teriparatide in Japan: a retrospective, prescription database, cohort study.

Adherence and persistence with osteoporosis treatments are essential for reducing fracture risk. Once-daily teriparatide is available in Japan for treating osteoporosis in patients with a high risk of fracture. The study objective was to describe real-world adherence and persistence with once-daily teriparatide 20 μg during the first year of treatment for patients who started treatment during the first eight months of availability in Japan.

Experimental techniques for neuroscience research using common marmosets.

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a species of New World monkeys. Because of its ease of maintenance and breeding in laboratories, use of the marmoset is growing rapidly in biomedical research. In neuroscience, the marmosets are attracting more attention, since they have the developed cerebral cortex which plays a key role in higher brain functions.

Pre-procedural glucose levels and the risk for contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing emergency coronary intervention.

Background: The incidence, risk factors, and outcome of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in 730 patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), whose contrast volume was below maximum allowable contrast dose (MACD) was prospectively investigated.

Methods And Results: MACD was defined as (5ml×body weight [kg]/baseline creatinine [mg/dl]). CI-AKI was defined as a greater than 25% increase in creatinine from the baseline or an absolute increase of ≥0.

Circulating high-mobility group box 1 and cardiovascular mortality in unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Objective: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule, which suggests a potential role of this protein in the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Circulating HMGB1 has been shown to be independently associated with cardiac mortality in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. However, its prognostic value remains unclear in unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI).

Decision making and risk attitude of the common marmoset in a gambling task.

To analyze decision making under uncertainty of monkeys, common marmosets were trained to choose and remove one of two colored caps on wells arranged side by side. Each well contained constant reward (3 grains of puffed rice) or risky reward (0 or 6 grains; probability, 50%:50%). For each marmoset, white or black color was assigned randomly as a symbol of non-risky or risky choice.

Internet-based atlas of the primate spinal cord.

In 2009, we reported an online brain atlas of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) at http://marmoset-brain.org:2008. Here we report new digital images of the primate spinal cord sections added to the website.

Effects of constant daylight exposure during early development on marmoset psychosocial behavior.

Due to global industrialization, the light cycle is shifting to longer daytime. Mounting evidence indicates that social developmental disorders may correlate with longer periods of daytime in childhood. However, the exact mechanisms of this link remain unclear.

Pentraxin 3 in unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Purpose: We prospectively investigated the prognostic value of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI).

Background: PTX3 may be a useful marker for localized vascular inflammation and damage to the cardiovascular system. Recent studies have shown that plasma PTX3 is elevated in patients with UA/NSTEMI; however, its prognostic value in UA/NSTEMI remains unclear.

Stereo Navi 2.0: software for stereotaxic surgery of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

Recently, we reported our web-accessible digital brain atlas of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) at http://marmoset-brain.org:2008. Using digital images obtained during construction of this website, we developed stand-alone software for navigation of electrodes or injection needles for stereotaxic electrophysiological or anatomical experiments in vivo.

[Drug selection guide for osteoporosis determined by the clinical staging, pathophysiology and age].

The various therapeutic agents for osteoporosis became currently available and it is significant to select drugs according to disease stage, pathophysiology and age. As markers for bone resorption and bone mineral density can predict the subsequent risk of hip fracture in elderly women, bone resorption inhibitors such as bisphosphonate or raloxifene are appropriate for subjects with high levels of the marker or low bone mineral density. Moreover, bisphosphonate and raloxifene are also recommended for subjects with prevalent fractures, even though disease staging in osteoporosis is complicated.