Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Model for HER2-Positive Male Breast Cancer Patients.

Background: HER2-positive male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare condition that has a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to establish a nomogram model for predicting the prognosis of HER2-positive MBC patients.

Methods: 240 HER2-positive MBC patients from 2004 to 2015 were retrieved from the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database.

Mechanisms of β-adrenergic receptors agonists in mediating pro and anti-apoptotic pathways in hyperglycemic Müller cells.

Background: The current study aimed to investigate the stimulatory effect of beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) on brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB).

Methods: Human Müller cells were cultured in low and high glucose conditions. Cells were treated with xamoterol (selective agonist for β1-AR), salmeterol (selective agonist for β2-AR), isoproterenol (β-ARs agonist) and propranolol (β-ARs antagonist), at 20 µM concentration for 24 h.

Beta Adrenergic Receptors Stimulation Attenuates Phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκBα in Hyperglycemic Endothelial Cells.

Background/aims: NF-κB induces transcription of a number of genes, associated with inflammation and apoptosis. In this study, we have investigated the effect of β-adrenergic receptor stimulation on NF-κB and IκBα in HUVECs.

Methods: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in high and low glucose concentrations.

Molecular mechanisms of diabetic retinopathy, general preventive strategies, and novel therapeutic targets.

The growing number of people with diabetes worldwide suggests that diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) will continue to be sight threatening factors. The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is a widespread cause of visual impairment in the world and a range of hyperglycemia-linked pathways have been implicated in the initiation and progression of this condition. Despite understanding the polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C (KPC) isoforms, increased hexosamine pathway flux, and increased advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, pathogenic mechanisms underlying diabetes induced vision loss are not fully understood.

Differential expression and role of hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in epigenetic regulation of β1, β2 and β3-adrenergic receptors in retinal endothelial cells.

Background: Aberrant epigenetic profiles are concomitant with a spectrum of developmental defects and diseases. Role of methylation is an increasingly accepted factor in the pathophysiology of diabetes and its associated complications. This study aims to examine the correlation between oxidative stress and methylation of β1, β2 and β3-adrenergic receptors and to analyze the differential variability in the expression of these genes under hyperglycemic conditions.