Considering Questions Before Methods in Dementia Research With Competing Events and Causal Goals.

Studying causal exposure effects on dementia is challenging when death is a competing event. Researchers often interpret death as a potential source of bias, although bias cannot be defined or assessed if the causal question is not explicitly specified. Here we discuss 2 possible notions of a causal effect on dementia risk: the "controlled direct effect" and the "total effect.

Strontium-doped chromium oxide for RhB reduction and antibacterial activity with evidence of molecular docking analysis.

The emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in aquatic pathogens and the presence of cationic dyes are the leading causes of water contamination on a global scale. In this context, nanotechnology holds immense promise for utilizing various nanomaterials with catalytic and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate the catalytic and bactericidal potential of undoped and Sr-doped CrO nanostructures (NSs) synthesized through the co-precipitation method.

Identification of and Variants in Two Families with Postaxial Polydactyly.

Polydactyly is a rare autosomal dominant or recessive appendicular patterning defect of the hands and feet, phenotypically characterized by the duplication of digits. Postaxial polydactyly (PAP) is the most common form and includes two main types: PAP type A (PAPA) and PAP type B (PAPB). Type A involves a well-established extra digit articulated with the fifth or sixth metacarpal, while type B presents a rudimentary or poorly developed superfluous digit.

The Consequences of COVID-19 Disruption on Sustainable Economy in the Top 30 High-Tech Innovative Countries.

This study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the innovation index, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), high technology exports, and human development (HDI) in the world's leading 30 high-tech innovative countries. Using grey relational analysis models, the association between COVID-19 and other economic development indices was investigated. The model selects the country least affected by the pandemic from the top 30 innovative countries through a conservative (maximin) method based on grey association values.

Photoactive and Intrinsically Fuel Sensing Metal-Organic Framework Motors for Tailoring Collective Behaviors of Active-Passive Colloids.

Microorganisms display nonequilibrium predator-prey behaviors, such as chasing-escaping and schooling via chemotactic interactions. Even though artificial systems have revealed such biomimetic behaviors, switching between them by control over chemotactic interactions is rare. Here, a spindle-like iron-based metal-organic framework (MOF) colloidal motor which self-propels in glucose and H O , triggered by UV light is reported.

Interplay of Metabolome and Gut Microbiome in Individuals With Major Depressive Disorder vs Control Individuals.

Importance: Metabolomics reflect the net effect of genetic and environmental influences and thus provide a comprehensive approach to evaluating the pathogenesis of complex diseases, such as depression.

Objective: To identify the metabolic signatures of major depressive disorder (MDD), elucidate the direction of associations using mendelian randomization, and evaluate the interplay of the human gut microbiome and metabolome in the development of MDD.

Design, Setting And Participants: This cohort study used data from participants in the UK Biobank cohort (n = 500 000; aged 37 to 73 years; recruited from 2006 to 2010) whose blood was profiled for metabolomics.

Genomics of perivascular space burden unravels early mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease.

Perivascular space (PVS) burden is an emerging, poorly understood, magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease, a leading cause of stroke and dementia. Genome-wide association studies in up to 40,095 participants (18 population-based cohorts, 66.3 ± 8.

Translation and validation of the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire in the Urdu language.

Introduction And Hypothesis: The Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) is designed to determine pain and limited activities in pregnant and postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain (PGP). The purpose of this study was to translate the PGQ into the Urdu language and find out the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the Urdu PGQ among pregnant and postpartum women.

Methods: A translation and cultural adaptation study was performed following international guidelines.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide study in >2.5 million individuals reveals heterogeneity in mechanistic pathways of type 2 diabetes and complications.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a heterogeneous disease that develops through diverse pathophysiological processes. To characterise the genetic contribution to these processes across ancestry groups, we aggregate genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 2,535,601 individuals (39.7% non-European ancestry), including 428,452 T2D cases.

Psychosocial health modifies associations between HPA-axis function and brain structure in older age.

Background: Dysregulation of the negative feedback loop of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may have damaging effects on the brain, potentially under influence of psychosocial health factors. We studied associations between functioning of the negative feedback loop of HPA-axis, measured with a very low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and brain structure in middle-aged and older adults, and whether these associations were modified by psychosocial health.

Methods: From 2006 to 2008, 1259 participants (mean age 57.

Heart Rate Variability and Incident Type 2 Diabetes in General Population.

Context: Hyperglycemia and autonomic dysfunction are bidirectionally related.

Objective: We investigated the association of longitudinal evolution of heart rate variability (HRV) with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) among the general population.

Methods: We included 7630 participants (mean age 63.

The bidirectional association of 24-h activity rhythms and sleep with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly persons.

Background: In older populations disturbed 24-h activity rhythms, poor sleep, and depressive symptoms are often lingering and co-morbid, making treatment difficult. To improve insights into these commonly co-occurring problems, we assessed the bidirectional association of sleep and 24-h activity rhythms with depressive symptoms in middle-aged and elderly persons.

Methods: In 1734 participants (mean age: 62.

Association of Bone Mineral Density and Dementia: The Rotterdam Study.

Background And Objectives: Low bone mineral density (BMD) and dementia commonly co-occur in older individuals, with bone loss accelerating in patients with dementia due to physical inactivity and poor nutrition. However, uncertainty persists over the extent to which bone loss already exists before onset of dementia. Therefore, we investigated how dementia risk was affected by BMD at various skeletal regions in community-dwelling older adults.

Risk of cancer after ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.

Analyses from administrative databases have suggested an increased cancer incidence among individuals who experienced a myocardial infarction, especially within the first 6 months. It remains unclear to what extent this represents an underlying biological link, or can be explained by detection of pre-symptomatic cancers and shared risk factors. Cancer incidence among 1809 consecutive patients surviving hospitalization for thrombotic ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI; mean age 62.

C-reactive protein partially mediates the inverse association between coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: The UK Biobank and the Rotterdam study cohorts.

Background: Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide. Coffee consumption has been associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed to study the role of classic and novel-T2D biomarkers with anti- or pro-inflammatory activity in the association between habitual coffee intake and T2D risk.

The Association of Life Stress with Subsequent Brain and Cognitive Reserve in Middle-Aged Women.

Background: Cognitive and brain reserve refer to individual differences that allow some people to better withstand brain pathology than others. Although early life stress has been recognized as a risk factor for low reserve in late life, no research yet has studied this across midlife.

Objective: To examine the associations of life stress with brain and cognitive reserve in midlife.

Comparing the risk of dementia in subjects with atrial fibrillation using non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists: a Belgian nationwide cohort study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with cognitive decline, with anticoagulated subjects potentially having a reduced risk compared with non-anticoagulated subjects. However, whether non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) may reduce the risk of dementia compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) is unclear yet. Therefore, the risk of dementia was compared between AF subjects on NOACs versus VKAs.

Projections of costs and quality adjusted life years lost due to dementia from 2020 to 2050: A population-based microsimulation study.

Introduction: Efficient healthcare planning requires reliable projections of the future increase in costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) lost due to dementia.

Methods: We used the microsimulation model MISCAN-Dementia to simulate life histories and dementia occurrence using population-based Rotterdam Study data and nationwide birth cohort demographics. We estimated costs and QALYs lost in the Netherlands from 2020 to 2050, incorporating literature estimates of cost and utility for patients and caregivers by dementia severity and care setting.

La-Doped CeO Quantum Dots: Novel Dye Degrader, Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Docking Analysis.

The current work demonstrates a novel synthesis of different concentrations of La-doped (2, 4, and 6 wt %) CeO quantum dots (QDs) using a hydrothermal approach. This research aimed to examine the dye degradation efficiency, antibacterial activity, and molecular docking analysis of La-doped CeO QDs. The structure, elemental composition, optical properties, -spacing, and morphological features of QDs were examined using various methods.

Nemato-toxic analysis of several chopped plant leaves against Meloidogyne incognita affecting tomato In vitro and In pots.

Tomato plant is affected by several pathogens, including root-knot nematodes (RKNs), belonging to the genus Meloidogyne. Meloidogyne incognita is among the most potent pests infecting tomato roots. Therefore, it is of interest to discuss the management of Meloidogyne incognita using selected botanicals such as Cammelina benghalensis, Evolvulus nummularius, Gomphrena celosioides, Lindenbergia indica, Scoparia dulcis and Vernonia cinerea.