Attenuation of age-related cognitive decline and memory deficits through apomorphine administration.

Oxidative stress, stemming from heightened production of reactive oxygen species and free radicals, significantly contributes to the aging process. Apomorphine emerges as a pivotal medication for managing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other age-related conditions. This study aims to explore the memory-enhancing and neuroprotective properties of apomorphine, utilizing male Albino Wistar rats aged 4 and 24 months as subjects.

Application of Liquid Organic Fertilizer to Improve Yields in System of Rice Intensification (SRI).

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Organic fertilizer is a source of nutrition for plants which is an alternative to inorganic fertilizer. Liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) which comes from coconut fiber and banana LOF which comes from banana stems from which the fruit has been removed, so that wasted plant residue can be used as fertilizer. The study aimed to obtain the best type of LOF and concentration in increasing the growth and yield of the Batang Piaman rice variety using the SRI method.

Outcomes of COVID-19 and Influenza in Cerebral Palsy Patients Hospitalized in the United States: Comparative Study of a Nationwide Database.

Patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are particularly vulnerable to respiratory infections, yet comparative outcomes between COVID-19 and influenza in this population remain underexplored. Using the National Inpatient Sample from 2020-2021, we performed a retrospective analysis of hospital data for adults with CP diagnosed with either COVID-19 or influenza. The study aimed to compare the outcomes of these infections to provide insights into their impact on this vulnerable population.

Memory enhancing and neuroprotective effects of apomorphine in a rat model of dementia.

Oxidative stress from generation of increased reactive oxygen species or has been reported to play an important role in dementia. Oxidative stress due to free radicals of oxygen or reactive oxygen species could be precipitating factors in the etiology of dementia. Apomorphine has been reported to have neuroprotective effects.

Investigating the Impact of Cannabis Consumption on Hospital Outcomes in Patients With Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Nationwide Analysis.

Introduction Existing data suggest an association between primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) and cannabis consumption, although evidence remains controversial. Methods This study used the 2016-2019 National Inpatient Sample Database to examine inpatients with PSP, categorizing them as cannabis users and non-users. Multivariate regression analyzed continuous variables, chi-square assessed categorical variables, and logistic regression models were built.

Outcomes of COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations in Geriatric Patients with Dementia in the United States: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis.

Previous studies have convincingly demonstrated the negative impact of dementia on overall health outcomes. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is burgeoning evidence suggesting a possible association between dementia and adverse outcomes, however the relationship has not been conclusively established. We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 816,960 hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged 65 or older from the 2020 national inpatient sample.

Effect of carbon fiber reinforcement on dimensional variations of 3D printed polyamide-6 composites: A simulation study.

Due to material design and fabrication flexibility, additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing (3DP) processes and polymer composites have paved their way into several industrial sectors. The quality of 3D printed polymer composites is highly dependent on the reinforcement content of polymers and 3DP process parameters. Several experimental studies are performed to optimize the reinforcement contents and process parameters; however, exploring the numerical modeling and simulation techniques is vital to lower the research and development costs.

COVID-19 and HIV: Clinical Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in the United States.

The concurrence of HIV and COVID-19 yields unique challenges and considerations for healthcare providers, patients living with HIV, and healthcare systems at-large. Persons living with HIV may face a higher risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and experiencing worse clinical outcomes compared to those without. Notably, COVID-19 may have a disproportionate impact on historically disadvantaged populations, including African Americans and those stratified in a lower socio-economic status.

Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Improves Brain Lesion Volume and Neurobehavioral Outcomes in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) continues to be a major cause of death and disability worldwide. This study assessed the effectiveness of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) in reducing brain lesion volume and improving neurobehavioral performance in a rat model of TBI. Animals were randomized into three experimental groups: (1) TBI with sham stimulation treatment (Control), (2) TBI treated with five lower doses (2-min) nVNS, and (3) TBI treated with five higher doses (2 × 2-min) nVNS.

The Tricky Diagnosis of Nummular Headaches: Description of Two Cases and Literature Review.

Nummular headaches are a rare and relatively newly characterized primary headache disorder. The epidemiology is largely unknown due to likely underdiagnosis and a small population of all headache patients in outpatient presentation. Though our understanding of nummular headaches continues to evolve, they remain a diagnostic challenge for physicians and the underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood.

Co-treatment with low doses of buspirone prevents rewarding effects of methylphenidate and upregulates expression of 5-HT1A receptor mRNA in the nucleus accumbens.

Accumulating studies consistently show that methylphenidate (MPD), the first line drug for treating Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is abused by patients to whom the drug is prescribed. Like other psychostimulants, only low doses of MPD improve cognitive performance while higher doses impair it. Preventing the use of high doses of MPD is important for retaining its therapeutic efficacy.

Dose related acute behavioral and neurochemical profile of pioglitazone.

Diabetics are twice as likely to have depression. It's normal to have long periods of sadness and anxiety. Pioglitazone has important role in the inflammatory response, which suggests that it might have the associated anti-depressant effects being manifested by its anti-depressant profile which needs further exploration.

Neurochemical and behavioral effects of lorazepam: A dose related study.

Present study was designed to monitor the dose dependent effects of lorazepam; a benzodiazepine (CNS depressant). It is the primary drug of choice for treatment of anxiety and to produce calming effects. However, repeated administration of this lorazepam causes dependence and this might be caused by increased dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Apomorphine-induced sensitization in rats exposed to restraint stress: Relationship with adaptation to stress.

Drug abuse and impaired adaptation to stress are inter-related. Drug abuse is more potentiated upon exposure to stress and an impairment to cope with stress may lead to depression. On the other hand, use of addictive compounds increase the vulnerability to depression by inhibiting the adaptation to stress.

Design, synthesis, and spasmolytic activity of thiophene-based derivatives via Suzuki cross-coupling reaction of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid: their structural and computational studies.

In the current research work, a facile synthesis of a series of novel thiophene-based derivatives of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid ( ) have been synthesized. All analogs ( - , - ) were obtained from the coupling reaction of 5-bromothiophene-2-carboxylic acid ( ) and different arylboronic acids with moderate-to-good yields under controlled and optimal conditions. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were characterized through spectral analysis and their spasmolytic activity, and most of the compounds exhibited potentially good spasmolytic effect.

Restraint-induced behavioral deficits are attenuated or impaired by pre- or post-injection of apomorphine: A context-based study.

Apomorphine, a psycho stimulant, has neuroprotective effects due to its ability to decrease oxidative stress. Stress-induced dopaminergic dysfunction might lead to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and related disorders. This dopaminergic dysfunction is more pre-dominant in basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex.

Neurochemical and behavioral effects of midazolam: A dose related study.

In the present study we have monitored dose dependent effects of midazolam; a benzodiazepine (CNS depressant). It is the primary drug of choice for procedural sedation, preoperative sedation, and in emergency departments. Repeated administration of this drug is reported to have abuse potential and may cause this by increasing dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Enhancement and impairment of cognitive behaviour in Morris water maze test by methylphenidate to rats.

Methylphenidate (MPD), a psycho-stimulant is a prescription medicine for the treatment of Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The drug is also being increasingly used by general population for enhancing cognition. Only few preclinical studies have been carried out on the effects of MPD on cognition and these studies show either an enhancement or impairment of memory following the administration of MPD.

Repeated treatment with a low dose of reserpine as a progressive model of Parkinson's dementia.

Present study was designed to monitor the cognitive profile of the animals upon repeated administration of reserpine, so as to determine that whether these animals should be used as animal models of Parkinson's dementia. In the present study, reserpine was injected daily (once a day for three weeks) at the dose of 0.1mg/kg.

Effect of glycine: Studying memory and behavioral changes in mice.

Glycine is an important chemical mediator of nervous system that plays a vital role in memory and other neurological functions. Therefore, the effect of glycine on these traits must be studied to understand biological mechanisms of intricate neurological system. We investigated the effect of different doses of glycine on memory and behavior using 30 albino mice models (treated and control).

Effects of single administration of apomorphine on memory and monoamine metabolism: A dose related study.

In the present study, we have monitored dose dependent effects of apomorphine on learning and memory. Behavioral sensitization and craving, which develop upon repeated treatment with dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine, are major limitations of the therapeutic use of apomorphine in Parkinson's patients. Effects of single (intraperitoneal) injection of apomorphine at different doses (i.

Repeated treatment with reserpine as a progressive animal model of depression.

Treatment-resistant depression is a major health problem worldwide. Restricted validity of the existing animal models of depression along with the need for the study of progressive development of resistance to antidepressants, demands the modeling of a progressive animal model of depression. Present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the repeated administration of reserpine could serve as a progressive animal model of depression.