Comparative Efficacy of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Antihypertensive Medications in Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Related Hypertension: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents a significant global health concern, affecting a substantial portion of the population, particularly among young and middle-aged adults.

Aim: This review aims to assess the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) compared to antihypertensive medications in managing OSA-related hypertension.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, yielding studies published from 2000 to March 2024 that investigated CPAP, antihypertensives, or their combination therapy in OSA patients.

A review of the association between in vitro fertilization and children's neurocognitive development.

This review investigated the current research on the association between in vitro fertilization and children's neurocognitive development. Twenty studies were analyzed, encompassing over 23,000 children conceived through IVF, and compared to those conceived naturally. The findings on overall cognitive function were mixed, as measured by IQ.

The burden of menstrual irregularities among women living with HIV in Nigeria: a comprehensive review.

Background: Menstrual irregularities significantly distress women living with HIV (WLHIV), impacting their reproductive health and quality of life. Although the underlying mechanism remains inconclusive, studies have outlined possible contributory factors. This narrative review explores the burden of menstrual irregularities and associated hormonal dysregulation among women living with HIV in Nigeria.

miR-210 in ischaemic stroke: biomarker potential, challenges and future perspectives.

Ischaemic stroke, a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, necessitates effective biomarkers for enhanced diagnostic and prognostic stratification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), particularly miR-210, have emerged as promising candidates due to their intricate regulatory roles in cellular responses to hypoxia and neuroprotective effects. This study explores the potential of miR-210 as a biomarker for ischaemic stroke, considering its expression patterns, regulatory functions and diagnostic/prognostic implications.

Teplizumab's immunomodulatory effects on pancreatic β-cell function in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

This review explores the immunomodulatory potential of Teplizumab and its impact on pancreatic β-cell function in T1D. Characterized by the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, T1D's management involves maintaining glycemic control through exogenous insulin. Teplizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the CD3 antigen, has shown promise in delaying T1D onset and preserving residual β-cell function.

Exploring the bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and atrial fibrillation: implications for risk stratification and management.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by the absence of p-waves on ECG and irregular rhythm. It often presents with palpitations either palpitations may occur acutely over a short period or intermittently over several years. Other cardinal symptoms of atrial fibrillation include fatigue, dyspnea, and lightheadedness; it is important however to note that most affected individuals are asymptomatic.

Tafamidis therapy in transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy: a narrative review from clinical trials and real-world evidence.

Background: Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by the extracellular deposition of insoluble misfolded proteins, leading to end-organ damage. Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a subtype in which a protein known as transthyretin accumulates within the heart tissue, progressively resulting in restrictive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Due to the progressive nature of ATTR-CM, clinical management requires efficacious regimens to manage the debilitating condition and Tafamidis shows promising results in this regard.

A Systematic Review of Perinuclear Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination: A 2024 Update.

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis (GN) is an immune-mediated kidney disease characterized by the inflammation of small blood vessels in the kidney, leading to renal impairment and potentially irreversible damage. Concerns have been raised over the reports of myeloperoxidase/perinuclear (MPO/p) ANCA GN following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. Our study provides a comprehensive insight into perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (p-ANCA) GN after COVID-19 vaccination.

Can CSL-112 revolutionize atherosclerosis treatment? A critical look at the evidence.

CSL-112, a recombinant human apolipoprotein A-I, holds promise for treating atherosclerotic disease by promoting reverse cholesterol transport. This review evaluates the current evidence on CSL-112's impact on atherosclerotic disease. A search identified studies investigating the effect of CSL-112 on apolipoprotein A-I levels, cholesterol efflux capacity, clinical outcomes, safety profile, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and subgroup analysis in patients with atherosclerotic disease.

Ejaculation Frequency and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence.

Prostate cancer, constituting a substantial portion of global cancer incidence and mortality, prompts a critical examination of potential modifiers, notably ejaculation frequency. This narrative review explores the complex relationship between ejaculation frequency and prostate cancer risk, addressing the paucity of consensus and the intricate interplay of factors. The evidence drawn from eleven studies with diverse methodologies reveals a complex understanding of this association.

Thrombolysis vs Anticoagulation: Unveiling the Trade-Offs in Massive Pulmonary Embolism.

Massive pulmonary embolism (MPE) is a severe form of venous thromboembolism (VTE) wherein enormous blood clots block the pulmonary arteries, resulting in substantial illness and death. Even with the progress made in diagnostic methods and treatments, the most effective approach for managing MPE is still a topic of considerable discussion. This study examines the delicate equilibrium between thrombolysis and anticoagulation in managing the problematic clinical situation posed by MPE, elucidating the compromises linked to each strategy.