International perspective on social cognition in schizophrenia: current stage and the next steps.

In the last decades, research from cognitive science, clinical psychology, psychiatry, and social neuroscience has provided mounting evidence that several social cognitive abilities are impaired in people with schizophrenia and contribute to functional difficulties and poor clinical outcomes. Social dysfunction is a hallmark of the illness, and yet, social cognition is seldom assessed in clinical practice or targeted for treatment. In this article, 17 international experts, from three different continents and six countries with expertise in social cognition and social neuroscience in schizophrenia, convened several meetings to provide clinicians with a summary of the most recent international research on social cognition evaluation and treatment in schizophrenia, and to lay out primary recommendations and procedures that can be integrated into their practice.

Highly-efficient full-color holographic movie based on silicon nitride metasurface.

Metasurface holograms offer various advantages, including wide viewing angle, small volume, and high resolution. However, full-color animation of high-resolution images has been a challenging issue. In this study, a full-color dielectric metasurface holographic movie with a resolution of 2322 × 2322 was achieved by spatiotemporally multiplexing 30 frames with blue, green, and red color channels at the wavelengths of 445 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm at the maximum reconstruction speed of 55.

Clinical subtypes of schizophrenia based on the discrepancies between objective performance on social cognition tasks and subjective difficulties in social cognition.

Intervention for social cognition could be key to improving social functioning in patients with schizophrenia. A first step towards its clinical implementation involves interviewing patients about their subjective difficulties with social cognition as they experience them in the real world. The present study focused on the clinical subtypes classified by the discrepancies between the subjective difficulties in social cognition and actual cognitive impairment.

The feasibility and effectiveness of remote cognitive training on cognitive function and work performance in workers.

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether remote cognitive training (CT) is feasible and has the potential to improve cognitive function and work performance in Japanese workers.

Methods: From June to September 2020, this intervention time series study enrolled workers aged 18-65 years from 10 companies located in a metropolitan area of Japan. Cognitive function tests and self-administered questionnaires were completed by the participants three times: at baseline, after 12 weeks of CT, and after a further 12 weeks following cessation.

Combined Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion and Smiley Face Rod Technique Using Dual-Headed Pedicle Screws for L4 Isthmic Spondylolisthesis and L5 Spondylolysis.

Spondylolysis with pseudarthrosis may be treated surgically by repairing the spondylolysis using the smiley face rod (SFR) technique. The SFR technique can avoid adjacent segmental disease caused by transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), which is one of the main surgical techniques to treat isthmic lumbar spondylolisthesis. A 59-year-old woman had been playing softball since she was 12 years old and was a member of a prefectural representative team.

International Experience of Implementing Cognitive Remediation for People With Psychotic Disorders.

Background: Cognitive remediation (CR) is an effective therapy for the cognitive impact of mental illness, especially schizophrenia. Global efforts are being made to implement CR into routine mental health services with the aim of improving functional outcomes for the population of people recovering from mental illness. Implementation and dissemination of CR in heterogeneous settings require knowledge gleaned from formal implementation research and pragmatic experiential learning.

The evaluation study for social cognition measures in Japan: Psychometric properties, relationships with social function, and recommendations.

Aim: Patients with schizophrenia can have significant subjective difficulties in social cognition, but few undergo testing or treatment for social cognition. The Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study recommends six social cognitive measures; however, the reliability and validity of these measures in different cultural and linguistic areas has not been adequately examined. We examined the psychometric properties of nine social cognitive measures and the relationship to social function, with the aim of determining the level of recommendation for social cognitive measures in clinical practice in Japan.

Polarization-separating Alvarez metalens.

The rapid advancements in optical communication technologies have highlighted traditional optical components' limitations, particularly in size, adaptability, and integration capabilities, underscoring the need for more compact and versatile solutions. Metalenses offer a promising pathway to address these challenges, with their ability to provide high-functionality, miniaturized optical components. We developed a varifocal metalens with a polarization separation function designed for the wavelength of 1550 nm for potential application for next-generation communication technologies.

Valuable interaction with cognitive remediation and optimal antipsychotics for recovery in schizophrenia (VICTORY-S): study protocol for an interventional, open-label, randomized comparison of combined treatment with cognitive remediation and lurasidone or paliperidone.

Background: Cognitive impairment, a core feature of schizophrenia, is associated with poor outcomes. Pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatment, when used alone, have inadequate effect sizes for cognitive impairment, leading to recent interest in combination interventions. A previous study examined the additive effect of cognitive remediation on lurasidone in patients with schizophrenia, which was negative.

The association between emotion malleability beliefs and severe psychological distress stratified by sex, age, and presence of any psychiatric disorders.

Background: Recent studies have shown an association between psychological distress and emotion malleability beliefs, meaning mindsets about whether one's emotions are fixed or changeable. However, most studies have not examined the association between these beliefs and sociodemographic factors.

Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional Internet survey of residents of Japan aged 15-79 years was conducted using sampling weights for national estimates to investigate the association between emotion malleability beliefs and sociodemographic factors and between fixed beliefs and severe psychological distress (SPD).

Linear polarization-separating metalens at long-wavelength infrared.

We designed and fabricated a linear polarization-separation metalens (PSM) made of single-crystal silicon (sc-Si) for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) imaging. The PSM comprises sc-Si dielectric waveguide pillar meta-atoms with rectangular cross-sections, providing a full 2π phase delay range for two orthogonal linear polarization components with high transmittances (>70%). Electron beam lithography and deep reactive ion etching were used to fabricate the PSM.

Mental health care use and related factors in adolescents and young adults with cancer.

Purpose: The actual state of mental health care use and related factors in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients with cancer is not well understood in Japan. This study aimed to (1) examine the actual state of mental health care use among AYA patients with cancer and (2) describe socio-demographic and related factors associated with mental health care use.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of AYA patients with cancer aged 15-39 who first visited the National Cancer Center Hospital in Japan (NCCH) between January 2018 and December 2020.

Relationship between objective cognitive functioning and work performance among Japanese workers.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the relationship between objective cognitive functioning and work performance among Japanese workers.

Methods: From February to November 2019, this cross-sectional study enrolled workers aged 18-65 years from 10 companies located in a metropolitan area of Japan. We emailed invitations to participate to employees of companies that had agreed to cooperate with the study.

Demonstration of a multicolor metasurface holographic movie based on a cinematographic approach.

This study uses a dielectric metasurface to demonstrates a multicolor holographic movie. Overlapping of multiple-wavelength images at 445 nm, 532 nm, and 633 nm was achieved by maintaining the ratio between the wavelengths and the pixel periods constant. Polarization-independent pillar waveguides made of single-crystal silicon are used as meta-atoms.

Pharmacological interventions for social cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: A protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Social cognitive impairments adversely affect social functioning (e.g., employment status) in patients with schizophrenia.

Perceptions of and subjective difficulties with social cognition in schizophrenia from an internet survey: Knowledge, clinical experiences, and awareness of association with social functioning.

Aim: Social cognition impacts social functioning in schizophrenia; however, little is known about how patients with schizophrenia themselves perceive social cognition. This study, using an internet survey, aimed to investigate their knowledge of social cognition, clinical experiences related to social cognition, awareness of social cognition's role in one's social life, and the relationships between subjective difficulties with social cognition and social functioning.

Methods: Data from 232 outpatients with schizophrenia (SZ) and 494 healthy controls (HC) were obtained through an internet survey and were weighted according to the demographics of the national population.

Sex Differences in Social Cognition and Association of Social Cognition and Neurocognition in Early Course Schizophrenia.

Background: Both impairment and sex differences in social cognition and neurocognition have been documented in schizophrenia. However, whether sex differences exist in the association between social cognition and neurocognition are not known. We aimed to investigate the contribution of areas of neurocognition to theory of mind (ToM) and hostility bias, representing social cognition, according to sex in early course schizophrenia.

Rotational varifocal moiré metalens made of single-crystal silicon meta-atoms for visible wavelengths.

Metasurface lenses (metalenses) offer an ultrathin and simple optical system with dynamic functions that include focal length tuning. In this study, a rotational varifocal (i.e.

Study Protocol: The Evaluation Study for Social Cognition Measures in Japan (ESCoM).

In schizophrenia, social cognitive impairment is considered one of the greatest obstacles to social participation. Although numerous measures have been developed to assess social cognition, only a limited number of them have become available in Japan. We are therefore planning this evaluation study for social cognition measures in Japan (ESCoM) to confirm their psychometric characteristics and to promote research focused on social cognition.

Perilla Oil and for Alleviating Fear of Cancer Recurrence in Breast Cancer Survivors: Study Protocol for a Three-Arm Phase II Randomized Controlled Study (POB Study).

The fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most common and most severe unmet need among cancer survivors. Safe treatments for the FCR that are easily disseminated are greatly needed. Our primary aim is a preliminary evaluation of the efficacy and effect size of perilla oil, which is rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and , a probiotic, on FCR in breast cancer survivors after the completion of chemotherapy.