Elevated uric acid level and metabolic syndrome in Non-Hispanic Black American adults.

Objectives: To ascertain the direct and indirect link between elevated uric acid (eUA) and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) in Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) American adults.

Design: Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to disentangle the U.S.

Biological sex disparity in survival outcomes following treatment for renal cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), a type of kidney cancer has biological sex-based differences that play a role in cancer incidence. Specifically, the incidence of urinary system cancers in men is two times greater than in women, while the incidence of genital cancers is three times greater. There is conflicting epidemiologic and limited evidence in the literature to suggest apparent biological sex discrepancy.

Waiting times disparities for medication-assisted therapy among opioid use disorder treatment population in the United States.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment has been described as beneficial in reducing the burden of OUD and its related complications. Thus far, there is a paucity of literature on the time-to-treatment differences from the period of seeking treatment to when the patient starts treatment. Hence, it is deemed a form of barrier to the accessibility of OUD treatment programs.

Comorbid Substance Use and Mental Health Disorders: Prior Treatment/Admission as a Predictor of Criminal Arrest Among American Youths.

Background: There is a dearth of literature with regards to substance use disorder (SUD) treatment outcomes and criminal arrest relationships.

Aim: We aimed to examine the association between criminal arrest within a month prior to SUD treatment admissions among 12- to 24-year-old Americans and the role of recurrent or prior SUD treatment.

Methods: The 2017 United States Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Episode Data Set - Admissions (TEDS-A; N = 333,322) was used for this analysis.

Biological sex disparity in survival outcomes following treatment for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review protocol.

Objective: This systematic review will assess the biological sex disparity in survival outcomes following treatment for renal cell carcinoma and analyze the estimates of biological sex disparity outcomes following supposed or proposed curative treatment.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma is a type of kidney cancer. There is a lack of conformity in the literature on the biological sex disparity in survival outcomes after treatment.

Allostatic load, metabolic syndrome and self-rated health in overweight/obese Non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American adults.

Aim: This study examined the associations of high allostatic load (h_ALS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) with and self-rated poor health (SRPH) in overweight/obese non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Mexican American (MA) adults.

Methods: The 2015-16 and 2017-18 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 4403) were used for this study.

Results: Rates of h_ALS in overweight/obese NHW, NHW, and MA participants were 56.

Lifestyle Modification Practices and Drug Prescription Use in Elderly Americans with Metabolic Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Aim: To determine differences in lifestyle modification practices and use of prescription drugs in a representative sample of Mexican American (MA), non-Hispanic White (NHW), and non-Hispanic Black (NHB) elderly Americans with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods: Data from the United States National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys were used in this study. Lifestyle modification practices include ongoing physical activity, weight control, and ongoing diet modifications.

Surrogate indexes of insulin resistance and risk of metabolic syndrome in non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black and Mexican American.

Aim: To compare the strength of associations between surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (sIR) and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Mexican American (MA) adults.

Methods: The 2013-2016 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (n = 3435) were used for this study. The associations between sIR that includes Triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C), triglyceride glucose (TG) index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), TG-body mass index (TG-BMI), and TG-waist circumference (TG-WC) and risk for MetS were determined using the prevalence odds ratio (OR) from the logistic regression analyses.

Chronic medical conditions based obesity phenotypes: A two-step cluster analysis of a representative sample of obese American adults.

Background And Objective: Although obesity is a heterogeneous disease, little is known regarding chronic medical conditions (CMCs) that defines variability in obese populations. The characterization of obese populations using CMCs rather than categorization using BMI alone can advance understanding of obesity. The aims of this study are to phenotype obesity in a large representative sample of non-Hispanic White (NHW), non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and Mexican American (MA) obese adults using CMCs, and assess relationship between resulting phenotypes and self-rated health (SRH).

Cluster analysis of multiple chronic conditions associated with urinary incontinence among women in the USA.

Objective: To identify patterns of prevalent chronic medical conditions among women with urinary incontinence (UI).

Materials And Methods: We combined cross-sectional data from the 2005-2006 to 2011-2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, and identified 3 800 women with UI and data on 12 chronic conditions. Types of UI included stress UI (SUI), urgency UI (UUI), and mixed stress and urgency UI (MUI).

The impact of IV alteplase on long-term patient survival: The Georgia Coverdell acute stroke registry's experience.

Introduction: Intravenous alteplase reduces disability and improves functionality among acute ischemic stroke patients. Two decades after its approval, only a small fraction of patients get the treatment, and demonstrating its impact on mortality may make a strong case for its wider use. This study assessed the impact of thrombolytic treatment by alteplase on 1-year mortality and readmission among acute ischemic stroke patients.

Effect of marijuana use on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality: A study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked mortality file.

Background Reports associate marijuana use with cardiovascular emergencies. Studies relating marijuana use to cardiovascular mortality are scarce. Recent advance towards marijuana use legalization emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships between marijuana use and cardiovascular deaths; the primary ranked mortality.

Quality of Care and Its Impact on One-Year Mortality: The Georgia Coverdell Acute Stroke Registry.

Although performance measures help monitor the process change in quality improvement, their utility in measuring long-term outcomes is uncertain. This study assessed the 1-year mortality of acute ischemic stroke patients treated by hospitals participating in the Georgia Coverdell Acute Stroke Registry. Using 10 nationally approved performance measures, quality of care was defined both as an all-or-none measure (defect-free care) and as a composite index.

Highly Successful Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Treatment Outcomes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/HCV-Coinfected Patients at a Large, Urban, Ryan White Clinic.

Background: The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) created a major paradigm shift in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Currently, there is little "real-world" data regarding hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment outcomes in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected population.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined HCV treatment outcomes of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients at a large, urban, Ryan White-funded clinic caring for an underserved population.

Systemic F-Isoprostane Levels in Predisposition to Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Emphasis on Racial Differences.

This review focuses on racial differences in systemic levels of lipid peroxidation markers F-isoprostanes as metabolic characteristics predisposing to obesity and type 2 diabetes. Elevated levels F-isoprostanes were found in obesity, type 2 diabetes and their comorbidities. It was hypothesized that increased F-isoprostane levels reflect the obesity-induced oxidative stress that promotes the development of type 2 diabetes.

Length of Residence in the United States is Associated With a Higher Prevalence of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Immigrants: A Contemporary Analysis of the National Health Interview Survey.

Background: Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors including hypertension, overweight/obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia are high among United States ethnic minorities, and the immigrant population continues to burgeon.

Methods And Results: Hypothesizing that acculturation (length of residence) would be associated with a higher prevalence of CMR factors, the authors analyzed data on 54, 984 US immigrants in the 2010-2014 National Health Interview Surveys. The main predictor was length of residence.

Diagnostic performance of glycated hemoglobin for diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic older overweight/obese African-Americans.

Objectives: Although clinicians do not routinely screen for diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic patients, previous studies have shown that diabetic retinopathy can occur in patients with prediabetes. However, due to the limitations of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in overweight/obese subjects, African-Americans and older adults, little is known about the correlation between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic older overweight/obese African-Americans. The aims of this study were to determine the association between HbA1c and diabetic retinopathy, and the optimal diagnostic threshold of HbA1c that predicts diabetic retinopathy in non-diabetic older overweight/obese African-Americans.

Impact of a Quality Improvement Intervention to Increase Brief Alcohol and Drug Interventions on a Level I Trauma Service.

Screening and brief intervention (SBI) decreases alcohol use and related consequences among trauma patients. Although SBI is required in Level I and II trauma centers, implementation often is difficult. This study used the Plan-Do-Study-Act approach to identify and implement measures to increase the number of patients receiving SBI at a Level I trauma center.

Antecedent Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: What Is Protecting Whom?

Multiple studies have shown that antecedent diseases are less prevalent in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients than the general age-matched population, which suggests possible neuroprotection. Antecedent disease could be protective against ALS or, conversely, the asymptomatic early physiological underpinnings of ALS could be protective against other antecedent disease. Elucidating the impact of antecedent disease on ALS is critical for assessing diagnostic risk factors, prognostic outcomes, and intervention timing.

A cross-sectional analysis of the association between marijuana and cigarette smoking with metabolic syndrome among adults in the United States.

Aim: To assess the relationship between marijuana use, cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome among adults in the United States who reported they use marijuana or cigarettes in comparison to non-marijuana and non-cigarette users.

Method: We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses using data from the 2011-2012 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to estimate relationships between cardio-metabolic risk factors and increasing years of smoking cigarette or marijuana use. Statistical adjustments were made for both demographic and endogenous factors related to recreational substance use.

Door to Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator Time and Hospital Length of Stay in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients, Georgia, 2007-2013.

Background: Ischemic stroke patients benefit most from intravenous thrombolysis when they receive the treatment as quickly as possible after symptom onset. Hospitals participating in the Georgia Coverdell Acute Stroke Registry reduced the time from patient arrival to administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. This study evaluates the benefit of reducing door-to-treatment (DTT) time as measured by hospital length of stay (LOS).

Improving Detection of Prediabetes in Children and Adults: Using Combinations of Blood Glucose Tests.

Highlights: The combined use of fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c test is associated with significantly higher diagnostic rates of prediabetes across age, race/ethnicity, and BMI than using only one test.Combined use of fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and oral glucose tolerance test do not improve the overall and gender-specific prediabetes prevalence beyond what is observed using a combination fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c test.A redefined hemoglobin A1c test that incorporates racial/ethnic, gender, age, and BMI differences may provide a better way to use hemoglobin A1c test in population-based and clinical settings.