Chlorpyrifos pesticide promotes oxidative stress and increases inflammatory states in BV-2 microglial cells: A role in neuroinflammation.

The exposure to environmental stressors, such as organophosphate (OP) pesticides, has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is the worldwide most used OP pesticide and one of the most hazardous pesticides as it can cross the blood-brain barrier. Since studies evaluating the effects of CPF on brain immune cells are scarce, this research investigated the oxidative and inflammatory responses of CPF exposure in murine microglial cells.

Contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls in honey from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.

Persistent organic pollutants are characterised by their chemical structure, environmental persistence and toxicity to human and wildlife populations. The production of these chemicals is regulated and restricted. However, they continue to be detected in the environment.

Pesticide residues determination in common bean using an optimized QuEChERS approach followed by solvent exchange and GC-MS/MS analysis.

Background: Common bean is a staple food in Latin America and Africa; however, studies about contamination of common bean with pesticides are rarely reported. So, the goals of this study were to validate a multiresidue method and apply it in monitoring of pesticides in common beans. Extraction was performed applying the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach to ground samples.

Immunomodulatory effect of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, and thiophanate methyl pesticides on macrophage cells.

Mancozeb (MZ), chlorothalonil (CT), and thiophanate methyl (TM) are pesticides commonly used in agriculture due to their efficacy, low acute toxicity to mammals, and short environmental persistence. Although the toxic effects of these pesticides have been previously reported, studies regarding their influence on the immune system are limited. As such, this study focused on the immunomodulatory effect of MZ, CT, and TM pesticides on macrophage cells.

Validation of a multi-residue method and estimation of measurement uncertainty of pesticides in drinking water using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A rapid and efficient sample extraction using solid-phase extraction coupled with gas- and liquid-chromatography-mass spectrometry was studied for the analyses of 124 different types and chemical groups pesticides from drinking water. The extraction was performed using a Bond Elut Florisil cartridge. The GC analysis was divided into two (analysis 1 and 2), while a single method was used for LC analysis.

Polychlorinated biphenyls in umbilical cord serum of newborns from Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are food-chain contaminants that have been shown to contaminate foods worldwide. The newborn are exposed to these organochlorine compounds across the placenta and through breastfeeding. They are proven to be carcinogenic and may contribute to congenital malformation etiology.

Validation and application of micro flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of pesticide residues in fruit jams.

In this study, a very sensitive method was validated to determine pesticides residues in fruit jams using micro flow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (µLC-MS/MS). A slurry of the fruit jams and water was prepared to yield homogeneous samples. Because of the high sensitivity achieved with the µLC-MS/MS equipment and to minimize matrix effects, the QuEChERS extracts were diluted 30-fold before the analysis.

Levels of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in honey samples from different geographic regions.

Concentrations of 17 brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including two "novel" BFRs (1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, BTBPE and decabromodiphenylethane, DBDPE), have been determined to be in 35 commercial honey samples from Brazil, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia and Morocco. The results revealed the presence of low amounts (between View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Brachial plexus cords: a morphological study.

Background And Objectives: The brachial plexus represents an important network of nerves, commonly approached in nerve blocks prior to surgical procedures. Therefore, the knowledge of its anatomy is indispensable so those procedures can be carried out accordingly. The objective of the present study was to analyze the morphology of brachial plexus cords with special emphasis to its topographic relationships.

Morphological basis for the study of the interatrial septum in the human fetus.

Objective: To describe morphological features of the interatrial septum in normal fetuses, especially foramen ovale (FO) and septum primum (SP), in order to compare septum primum excursion with foramen ovale diameter.

Methods: Septum primum excursion (SPE) toward the left atrium (LA) and foramen ovale diameter (FOD) were measured in the hearts of ten formaldehyde-fixed human fetuses ranging from 28 to 36 weeks of gestation. Histological sections were obtained from the foramen ovale (FO), septum primum (SP), septum secundum (SS), left atrium (LA), and right atrium (RA).