Machine learning models from computed tomography to diagnose thymic epithelial tumors requiring combined resection.

Background: Minimally invasive approaches have been a standard choice of surgery for noninvasive thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), but we sometimes experience cases requiring combined resection of adjacent structures. We develop and validate machine learning models to predict combined resection based on preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This study included 212 patients with TETs (140 in the training cohort and 72 in the validation cohort) who underwent radical surgery.

Thrombus formation at the stump of the pulmonary vein after lobectomy: a prospective multi-institutional study.

Purpose: Recent reports suggest that postoperative cerebral infarction following lung cancer surgery is caused by thrombus formation at the stump of the pulmonary vein and that the risk is highest after left upper lobectomy (LUL). Thrombosis at the stump of the pulmonary vein and the incidence of cerebral infarction was investigated prospectively in patients who underwent lobectomy for lung cancer.

Methods: Lung cancer patients undergoing planned pulmonary lobectomy were enrolled.

Predicting pathological highly invasive lung cancer from preoperative [F]FDG PET/CT with multiple machine learning models.

Purpose: The efficacy of sublobar resection of primary lung cancer have been proven in recent years. However, sublobar resection for highly invasive lung cancer increases local recurrence. We developed and validated multiple machine learning models predicting pathological invasiveness of lung cancer based on preoperative [F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) radiomic features.

[Surgical Treatment of Metachronous Second Primary Lung Cancer].

Although the incidence of metachronous second primary lung cancer (MSPLC) after curative resection for primary lung cancer may be increasing, appropriate treatment and the outcome are unclear yet. We reviewed the literature and conducted a retrospective chart review of the patients who underwent surgery for MSPLC in our institute. We had 27 surgical cases for MSPLC during 2017 and 2018.

Clinical value of PET/CT with carbon-11 4DST in the evaluation of malignant and benign lung tumors.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical value of [C]4DST uptake in patients with lung nodules, including benign and malignant tumors, and to assess the correlation between [C]4DST uptake and proliferative activity of tumors in comparison with [F]FDG uptake.

Methods: Twenty-six patients (22 males and 4 females, mean age of 65.5-year-old) were analyzed in this prospective study.

Salvage Surgery for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer After Definitive Radiotherapy.

Background: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing salvage surgery after chemoradiotherapy, conventional external beam, stereotactic body radiotherapy, and ion beam radiotherapy.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent salvage surgery between 2010 and 2016. Data on perioperative morbidity and mortality and patient outcomes were analyzed.

Targeting FROUNT with disulfiram suppresses macrophage accumulation and its tumor-promoting properties.

Tumor-associated macrophages affect tumor progression and resistance to immune checkpoint therapy. Here, we identify the chemokine signal regulator FROUNT as a target to control tumor-associated macrophages. The low level FROUNT expression in patients with cancer correlates with better clinical outcomes.

A surgical case of synchronous solitary splenic metastasis from lung squamous cell carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature.

Solitary splenic metastasis is an extremely rare event. We herein report a surgical case of a solitary splenic metastasis from lung cancer. A 78-year-old man presented with abdominal pain.

A case of primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma completely resected after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma is a rare malignant tumor. We herein report a case of primary pulmonary leiomyosarcoma that was completely resected by surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Case Presentation: A 60-year-old man presented with cough.

A strategy for pulmonary resection after contralateral diaphragm plication: a surgical case report.

Background: Pulmonary carcinoma patients with low pulmonary function cannot be treated surgically because of the high risk of complications. Diaphragmatic eventration is a disease characterized by diaphragmatic paralysis and dyspnea. Here, we report a surgical case of multiple pulmonary carcinomas with contralateral diaphragmatic eventration.

MicroRNA induction by copy number gain is associated with poor outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Copy number gains in cancer genomes have been shown to induce oncogene expression and promote carcinogenesis; however, their role in regulating oncogenic microRNAs (onco-miRNAs) remains largely unknown. Our aim was to identify onco-miRNAs induced by copy number gains in human squamous cell carcinoma (Sq) of the lung. We performed a genome-wide screen of onco-miRNAs from 245 Sqs using data sets from RNA-sequencing, comparative genomic hybridization, and the corresponding clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Randomized controlled phase III trial of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with activated cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells from regional lymph nodes of patients with lung cancer.

Randomized controlled trial of adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for lung cancer indicated a significant advantage in patients receiving immunotherapy. Herein we report the final results and immunological analysis with a median follow-up of 59.6 months.

Thoracoscopic surgery versus open surgery for lung metastases of colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional retrospective analysis using propensity score adjustment†.

Objectives: Thoracoscopic surgery for lung metastasectomy remains controversial. The study aimed at determining the efficacy of thoracoscopic surgery for lung metastasectomy.

Methods: This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study that included 1047 patients who underwent lung metastasectomy for colorectal cancer between 1999 and 2014.

Retrospective analysis of lung cancer patients treated with supportive care alone.

Background: It is not uncommon for patients with lung cancer to receive supportive care alone. However, the clinical characteristics of these patients have not been fully studied. We conducted a retrospective study to identify the clinical characteristics of definitive lung cancer patients treated with supportive care alone.

Successful Diagnosis of a Thymoma by Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration: A Report of Two Cases.

We herein report two cases of thymomas diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). In both cases, the tumor was adjacent to the central airway. Therefore, we attempted to perform EBUS-TBNA in order to obtain specimens for a histopathological examination, which resulted in a diagnosis of thymoma.

Differential diagnosis of primary intrapulmonary thymoma: a report of two cases.

Primary intrapulmonary thymomas (PITs), which are intrapulmonary tumors without an associated mediastinal component, are very rare. The diagnosis of a PIT can be difficult. Here, we report two cases of resected PITs that were difficult to differentiate from other lung tumors.

Oligo-Recurrence of Osteosarcoma Patients: Treatment Strategies for Pulmonary Metastases.

Background: Distant metastases from osteosarcoma most commonly occur in the lungs. Osteosarcoma can be cured by complete surgical resection of all metastatic lesions if the number is limited (oligo-recurrence: ≤ 5 metastatic or recurrent lesions with controlled primary lesions). This study aimed to clarify the prognostic factors for osteosarcoma patients with pulmonary metastasis and determine their oligo-recurrence status.

NY-ESO-1 autoantibody as a tumor-specific biomarker for esophageal cancer: screening in 1969 patients with various cancers.

Background: Although serum NY-ESO-1 antibodies (s-NY-ESO-1-Abs) have been reported in patients with esophageal carcinoma, this assay system has not been used to study a large series of patients with various other cancers.

Patients And Methods: Serum samples of 1969 cancer patients [esophageal cancer (n = 172), lung cancer (n = 269), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 91), prostate cancer (n = 358), gastric cancer (n = 313), colorectal cancer (n = 262), breast cancer (n = 365)] and 74 healthy individuals were analyzed using an originally developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system for s-NY-ESO-1-Abs. The optical density cut-off value, determined as the mean plus three standard deviations for serum samples from the healthy controls, was fixed at 0.

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in a patient with pericardial mesothelioma.

Pericardial mesothelioma is a very rare pericardial tumor. Diagnosing pericardial disease can be challenging, and obtaining an antemortem diagnosis of pericardial mesothelioma is particularly difficult. We herein report the case of a 60-year-old man with pericardial mesothelioma diagnosed on endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

Frequency of brain metastases in non-small-cell lung cancer, and their association with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations.

Background: The brain is a frequent site of metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed the frequency of brain metastases (BMs) from NSCLC in the era of magnetic resonance images, and evaluated the correlation between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and BMs among East Asian patients.

Methods: Frequency, number, and size of BMs, and survival of 1,127 NSCLC patients were retrospectively reviewed.

Endobronchial ultrasonography for positron emission tomography and computed tomography-negative lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Integrated positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT) is a useful modality to investigate lymph node metastases for non-small cell lung cancer, but is less sensitive for normal-sized lymph nodes. We sometimes encounter cases with radiologically normal lymph nodes and unsuspected mediastinal metastases detected by endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). However, few studies have investigated staging in patients with radiologically normal mediastina, and the accuracy of EBUS-TBNA staging for radiologically normal mediastina and hila is unclear.

Phase II trial of gefitinib alone without radiation therapy for Japanese patients with brain metastases from EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Brain metastases (BM) are a common in patients with lung cancer. Although whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is the standard therapy, it may have a risk of decline in cognitive function of patients. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of gefitinib alone without radiation therapy for the treatment of patients with BM from lung adenocarcinoma.

High CC chemokine receptor 7 expression improves postoperative prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Background: Chemokines and chemokine receptors not only have significant roles in cancer metastasis and tumorigenesis but also act as antitumour agents. The interaction between the Crk-like adaptor protein (CrkL), which is encoded by the CRKL gene, and non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-ABL is reported to transform many cells into malignant cells. We examined the effects of CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), CCR7 ligands and CrkL and c-ABL in lung adenocarcinoma.