Long-term Follow-up of Secondary Reconstruction of Facial Paralysis and Depressive Deformities After Subtotal Temporal Bone Resection.

Subtotal temporal bone resection (STBR) frequently results in facial paralysis and depression, making reconstruction challenging due to significant tissue loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a procedure designed for simultaneous smile and soft tissue reconstruction after STBR. The authors included 3 patients who underwent latissimus dorsi (LD) neuromuscular flap combined with adipose flap transfer after STBR at the Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital between 2010 and 2016.

Plasmon dephasing time and optical field enhancement in a plasmonic nanobowl substrate studied by scanning near-field optical microscopy.

Plasmonic substrates have been extensively investigated due to their potential applications in fluorescence microscopy, chemical sensing, and photochemical reactions. The optical properties of the substrate depend on the spatial and temporal features of the plasmon excited. Hence, the ability to directly visualize plasmon dynamics is crucial.

A Free Bypass Flap for Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia.

Background: Recently, significant inframalleolar disease seems to increase in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) patients, making identifying sufficient outflow vessels in the foot challenging. In these difficult situations, free tissue transfer is a valuable tool to provide a low-resistance vascular bed to the affected part. However, there remains concern that free tissue transfer may impede adequate perfusion of the higher resistance diseased vascular bed.

Long-term survival of the Sister Mary Joseph nodule originating from breast cancer: A case report.

Background: A Sister Mary Joseph nodule (SMJN) is an uncommon cutaneous metastasis found in the umbilicus, indicating an advanced malignancy. SMJNs typically originate from intra-abdominal sources, rarely from breast cancer. Diagnosis suggests a poor prognosis with a median survival of approximately 8 mo after detection.

Switching nanoscale temperature fields with high-order plasmonic modes in transition metal nanorods.

Depending on the photoirradiation conditions, metal nanostructures exhibit various plasmonic modes, including dipolar, quadrupolar, and hexapolar modes. This work demonstrates numerically that these high-order plasmonic modes can be used to switch nanoscale temperature distributions during the plasmonic heating of a manganese (Mn) nanorod. The key feature of Mn is its low thermal conductivity.

Ultrafast sensitivity-controlled and specific detection of extracellular vesicles using optical force with antibody-modified microparticles in a microflow system.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including nanoscale exosomes and ectosomes, hold promise as biomarkers that provide information about the cell of origin through their cargo of nucleic acids and proteins, both on their surface and within. Here, we develop a detection method of EVs based on light-induced acceleration of specific binding between their surface and antibody-modified microparticles, using a controlled microflow with three-dimensional analysis by confocal microscopy. Our method successfully detected 10-10 nanoscale EVs in liquid samples as small as a 500 nanoliters within 5 minutes, with the ability to distinguish multiple membrane proteins.

Light-Induced Condensation of Biofunctional Molecules around Targeted Living Cells to Accelerate Cytosolic Delivery.

The light-induced force and convection can be enhanced by the collective effect of electrons (superradiance and red shift) in high-density metallic nanoparticles, leading to macroscopic assembly of target molecules. We here demonstrate application of the light-induced assembly for drug delivery system with enhancement of cell membrane accumulation and penetration of biofunctional molecules including cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) with superradiance-mediated photothermal convection. For induction of photothermal assembly around targeted living cells in cell culture medium, infrared continuous-wave laser light was focused onto high-density gold-particle-bound glass bottom dishes exhibiting plasmonic superradiance or thin gold-film-coated glass bottom dishes.

Nanoneedle formation via doughnut beam-induced Marangoni effects.

Recently, nanosecond pulsed optical vortices enables the production of a unique chiral and sharp needle-like nanostructure (nano-needle). However, the formation process of these structures has been unsolved although mass transport by angular momentum would contribute to the chirality. Here, we reveal that another key factor in the formation of a sharp nano-needle is the Marangoni effect during the melting condition at high temperature.

Attogram-level light-induced antigen-antibody binding confined in microflow.

The analysis of trace amounts of proteins based on immunoassays and other methods is essential for the early diagnosis of various diseases such as cancer, dementia, and microbial infections. Here, we propose a light-induced acceleration of antigen-antibody reaction of attogram-level proteins at the solid-liquid interface by tuning the laser irradiation area comparable to the microscale confinement geometry for enhancing the collisional probability of target molecules and probe particles with optical force and fluidic pressure. This principle was applied to achieve a 10-fold higher sensitivity and ultrafast specific detection in comparison with conventional protein detection methods (a few hours) by omitting any pretreatment procedures; 47-750 ag of target proteins were detected in 300 nL of sample after 3 minutes of laser irradiation.

Wearable, wireless, multi-sensor device for monitoring tissue circulation after free-tissue transplantation: a multicentre clinical trial.

Wearable sensors have seen remarkable recent technological developments, and their role in healthcare is expected to expand. Specifically, monitoring tissue circulation in patients who have undergone reconstructive surgery is critical because blood flow deficiencies must be rescued within hours or the transplant will fail due to thrombosis/haematoma within the artery or vein. We design a wearable, wireless, continuous, multipoint sensor to monitor tissue circulation.

Plasmonic nanoscale temperature shaping on a single titanium nitride nanostructure.

Arbitrary shaping of temperature fields at the nanometre scale is an important goal in nanotechnology; however, this is challenging because of the diffusive nature of heat transfer. In the present work, we numerically demonstrated that spatial shaping of nanoscale temperature fields can be achieved by plasmonic heating of a single titanium nitride (TiN) nanostructure. A key feature of TiN is its low thermal conductivity ( = 29 [W m K]) compared with ordinary plasmonic metals such as Au ( = 314 [W m K]).

Microsurgical Lymphovenous Anastomosis for Pelvic Lymphoceles after Gynecological Cancer Surgery.

Background: Pelvic lymphoceles are the most common complications after pelvic lymphadenectomy. Microsurgical procedures have attracted attention as an alternative treatment for lymphoceles. Here, we report six cases of refractory lymphoceles that were successfully treated using lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA).

Formulation of resonant optical force based on the microscopic structure of chiral molecules.

Optical manipulation, exemplified by Ashkin's optical tweezers, is a promising technique in the fields of bioscience and chemistry, as it enables the non-destructive and non-contact selective transport or manipulation of small particles. To realize the separation of chiral molecules, several researchers have reported on the use of light and discussed feasibility of selection. Although the separation of micrometer-sized chiral molecules has been experimentally demonstrated, the separation of nanometer-sized chiral molecules, which are considerably smaller than the wavelength of light, remains challenging.

Damage-free light-induced assembly of intestinal bacteria with a bubble-mimetic substrate.

Rapid evaluation of functions in densely assembled bacteria is a crucial issue in the efficient study of symbiotic mechanisms. If the interaction between many living microbes can be controlled and accelerated via remote assembly, a cultivation process requiring a few days can be ommitted, thus leading to a reduction in the time needed to analyze the bacterial functions. Here, we show the rapid, damage-free, and extremely dense light-induced assembly of microbes over a submillimeter area with the "bubble-mimetic substrate (BMS)".

Sacral defect reconstruction using a sensate superior gluteal artery perforator flap based on the superior cluneal nerves: A report of two cases.

The superior gluteal artery perforator (SGAP) flap is a widely used flap for sacral reconstruction. However, it is non-sensate flap and sensory loss is one of the most important risk factors for pressure ulcer development and recurrence; therefore, a sensate SGAP flap would be ideal for the reconstruction. Because the upper buttock is innervated by the superior cluneal nerves (SCNs) which originate from Th11 to L4, a sensate SGAP flap based on SCNs is anatomically possible.

Silk fibroin vascular graft: a promising tissue-engineered scaffold material for abdominal venous system replacement.

No alternative tissue-engineered vascular grafts for the abdominal venous system are reported. The present study focused on the development of new tissue-engineered vascular graft using a silk-based scaffold material for abdominal venous system replacement. A rat vein, the inferior vena cava, was replaced by a silk fibroin (SF, a biocompatible natural insoluble protein present in silk thread), tissue-engineered vascular graft (10 mm long, 3 mm diameter, n = 19, SF group).

Near-field transmission and reflection spectroscopy for revealing absorption and scattering characteristics of single silver nanoplates.

Near-field optical microscopy visualizes spatial characteristics of elementary excitations induced in metal nanostructures. However, the microscopy is not able to reveal the absorption and scattering characteristics of the object simultaneously. In this study, we demonstrate a method for revealing the absorption and scattering characteristics of silver nanoplate by using near-field transmission and reflection spectroscopy.

Superficial Circumflex Iliac Perforator-Osteocutaneous Flap for Reconstruction of Extensive Composite Defects in the Forefoot.

Although the great toe plays important roles in walking, loading, and maintaining balance when compared with other toes, there are few reports on great toe reconstruction, including the reconstruction of distal phalanx. This report aims to describe the use of a superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP)-osteocutaneous flap for reconstructing a complex tissue defect of the great toe. A 62-year-old man presented with a crush injury to the forefoot.

Resection and Reconstruction of Giant Abdominoscrotal Arteriovenous Malformation.

Genital arteriovenous malformations are rare and present unique surgical challenges in preserving urogenital function, abdominal wall integrity, and lower limb perfusion. A 32-year-old man with a giant abdominoscrotal arteriovenous malformation presented with recurrent heavy bleeding. Due to the high risk of rebleeding and fatal hemorrhage, surgery with curative intent was proposed and the patient was counseled on the risks of ischemia to the lower limb, testes, and penis.

Effective Secondary Reconstruction of Refractory Urethrocutaneous Fistula after Metoidioplasty Using Folded Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator Flap.

One of the primary goals of penile reconstruction for female-to-male transsexuals is to enable voiding while standing. Metoidioplasty represents a viable option, but it is associated with a high rate of postoperative fistula formation and recurrence, which affects the aesthetic and functional outcomes. Subsequent surgical repair using scarred and inadequate local tissue may contribute to fistula recurrence.

Superthin Thoracodorsal Artery Perforator Flap for the Reconstruction of Palmar Burn Contracture.

Treating burn scar contractures is challenging. Although free flap transfer is an effective tool for hand reconstruction, free flaps are often bulky, causing functional disturbance and poor cosmetic appearance. Secondary debulking operations are required, resulting in a prolonged total treatment period and delayed return to daily life and work for the patient.

Two-stage Reconstruction Using a Free Jejunum/Ileum Flap After Total Esophagectomy.

Background: Reconstruction after esophagectomy is conventionally performed with a gastric conduit. However, in cases where a gastric conduit is unavailable, reconstructive procedures vary in terms of flap type, operative timing, and conduit route. Single-stage surgery is associated with a long operation time and high surgical stress, resulting in perioperative mortality.

Light-induced assembly of living bacteria with honeycomb substrate.

Some bacteria are recognized to produce useful substances and electric currents, offering a promising solution to environmental and energy problems. However, applications of high-performance microbial devices require a method to accumulate living bacteria into a higher-density condition in larger substrates. Here, we propose a method for the high-density assembly of bacteria (10 to 10 cells/cm) with a high survival rate of 80 to 90% using laser-induced convection onto a self-organized honeycomb-like photothermal film.