Association Between Maximum Lifetime Body Mass Index and Nailfold Capillary Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: Microvascular changes, such as crossing nailfold capillaries, could be crucial for linking maximum lifetime body mass index (BMI) and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the relationship between maximum lifetime BMI and microvascular changes remains elusive. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between maximum lifetime BMI and the percentage of crossing nailfold capillaries among patients with T2DM.

Perceptions, attitudes, and management of obesity in East Asians vs global: A pooled analysis of the ACTION IO survey.

Objective: This ACTION-IO sub-analysis compared attitudes of people with obesity (PwO) and healthcare professionals (HCPs) between South Korea/Japan and global.

Methods: Responses from overall (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 25 kg/m) and higher BMI (30.0-34.

Food Preference Assessed by the Newly Developed Nutrition-Based Japan Food Preference Questionnaire and Its Association with Dietary Intake in Abdominal-Obese Subjects.

Background/objectives: Understanding food preferences is important for weight management. However, methods for assessing food preferences are not well established, especially in Japan. This study aimed to examine detailed food preferences and their associations with actual food intake in non-obese and abdominal-obese subjects using a newly developed questionnaire tailored for the Japanese population.

Associations between muscle quality and whole-body vibration exercise-induced changes in plasma hypoxanthine following an oral glucose load in healthy male subjects.

Blood levels of hypoxanthine (HX) have been suggested as potential biomarkers associated with intramuscular metabolic dynamics in response to exercise. This pilot randomized crossover trial (UMIN000036520) aimed to investigate the changes in plasma HX after whole-body vibration exercise (WBVE) and their relationships with body composition and muscle-related parameters, enrolling eighteen healthy male volunteers. In the WBVE-alone intervention, the study subjects performed 20-min of WBVE.

ARMC5 selectively degrades SCAP-free SREBF1 and is essential for fatty acid desaturation in adipocytes.

SREBF1 plays the central role in lipid metabolism. It has been known that full-length SREBF1 that did not associate with SCAP (SCAP-free SREBF1) is actively degraded, but its molecular mechanism and its biological meaning remain unclear. ARMC5-CUL3 complex was recently identified as E3 ubiquitin ligase of full-length SREBF.

Mutual associations among responsiveness to differential diagnostic tests for Cushing's disease, tumor size, and somatostatin receptor 5 expression in corticotroph tumors.

There are differences in the responsiveness to differential diagnostic tests for Cushing's disease (CD), corticotroph tumor size, and the somatostatin receptor (SSTR) 5 expression in corticotroph tumors between CD patients. The differences in SSTR5 expression are particularly significant for identifying therapeutic targets for CD. However, prospective predictors of SSTR5 expression remain unclear.

Atypical Imaging Findings in a Cortisol-producing Adrenal Adenoma Predominantly Composed of Lipid-poor Compact Cells.

Cortisol-producing adrenal adenomas consist of a mixture of lipid-rich clear and lipid-poor compact cells in varying proportions. Most adenomas are mainly composed of lipid-rich clear cells and typically exhibit low computed tomography (CT) attenuation values, high uptake on I-adosterol scintigraphy, and mild accumulation on F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT. However, adenomas predominantly composed of lipid-poor compact cells are rare, with limited evidence regarding their imaging characteristics.

Periodontal tissue susceptibility to glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.

Aim: To assess the direct effect of intensive glycaemic control on periodontal tissues in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled and hospitalized to receive a 2-week intensive glycaemic control regimen. We observed and analysed the systemic and oral disease indicators before and after treatment and clarified the indicators related to periodontal inflammation.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related type 1 diabetes mellitus which develops long after treatment discontinuation: a case report and review of literature.

Unlabelled: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related type 1 diabetes is an immune-related adverse event (irAE), occurring in slightly less than 1% of patients undergoing ICI therapy. Most cases develop during ICI treatment, with occurrences long after discontinuation being extremely rare. A 76-year-old woman, with no history of glucose tolerance issues, was diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with pleural invasion and underwent chemotherapy, including atezolizumab, an anti-programmed death-ligand 1 antibody.

Changes in serum levels of liver-related parameters, uric acid, and hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under treatment with tofogliflozin-a post-hoc analysis of the UTOPIA study.

Aims/introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of tofogliflozin, a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, on circulating levels of hepatic enzymes, uric acid and hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: We evaluated longitudinal changes in circulating aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GTP), uric acid, and hemoglobin levels in tofogliflozin (n = 169) and conventional treatment groups (n = 170) using data obtained from the UTOPIA trial, a randomized prospective study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of tofogliflozin in preventing atherosclerosis.

Results: Within 104 weeks, tofogliflozin treatment, but not conventional treatment, significantly reduced AST, ALT, and γ-GTP levels.

Soluble T-cadherin secretion from endothelial cells is regulated via insulin/PI3K/Akt signalling.

Aim And Objective: Our recent report showed that soluble T-cadherin promotes pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. However, how and where the secretion of soluble T-cadherin is regulated remain unclear.

Methods And Results: Soluble T-cadherin levels significantly increased in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice with hypoinsulinaemia or in wild-type mice treated with insulin receptor blockade by S961.

Decreased islet amyloid polypeptide staining in the islets of insulinoma patients.

Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) is a factor that regulates food intake and is secreted from both pancreatic islets and insulinoma cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate IAPP immunohistochemically in islets or insulinoma cells in association with clinical characteristics. We recruited six insulinoma patients and six body mass index-matched control patients with pancreatic diseases other than insulinoma whose glucose tolerance was confirmed to be normal preoperatively.

Growth hormone increase by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone reflects gonadotroph-related characteristics in acromegaly.

Purpose: We previously showed the clinical characteristics of acromegaly with a paradoxical growth hormone (GH) response to oral glucose or thyrotropin-releasing hormone. However, the clinical characteristics of acromegaly with an increased GH response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH responders) remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, especially gonadotroph-related characteristics of LHRH responders in acromegaly.

Preoperative hemoglobin A1c is associated with postoperative bleeding after vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

We previously reported that a high HbA1c level 3 months before vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage or a large preoperative decrease in the HbA1c level over 3 months tended to increase the risk of rebleeding in diabetic retinopathy patients evaluated between 2010 and 2014. Here, we aimed to confirm these results with an extended study period and an increased number of operated eyes. This study included 121 diabetic patients who were admitted to Osaka University Hospital between 2010 and 2019 and who underwent vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage.

The role of oxidative stress, glucocorticoid receptor and ARMC5 in lipid metabolism.

Lipid metabolism includes lipogenesis, lipolysis, and cholesterol metabolism and it exerts a wide range of biological effects. We previously found novel roles of adipocyte oxidative stress in diet-induced obesity, adipocyte glucocorticoid receptor in Cushing syndrome, and ARMC5 in adrenocortical cells. Using genetically modified mice in which oxidative stress was eliminated or augmented specifically in adipose tissues, we have been able to elucidate that obesity-induced oxidative stress inhibited healthy adipose expansion and ameliorated insulin sensitivity.

Single-housing-induced islet epigenomic changes are related to polymorphisms in diabetic KK mice.

A lack of social relationships is increasingly recognized as a type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we used male KK mice, an inbred strain with spontaneous diabetes. Given the association between living alone and T2D risk in humans, we divided the non-diabetic mice into singly housed (KK-SH) and group-housed control mice.

Association between COVID-19 severity and relatively high serum adiponectin levels at the time of admission.

At the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to epidemics worldwide. Obesity and visceral fat accumulation have been reported to be independent risk factors for severe COVID-19. Several reports have focused on the levels of adipocytokines/adipokines, including adiponectin (APN), which is exclusively secreted from adipocytes, although the importance of these factors in acute disease conditions remains unclear.

Interrelationships Among Accumulations of Intra- and Periorgan Fats, Visceral Fat, and Subcutaneous Fat.

We aimed to clarify the relationship between intra- and periorgan fats, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat. We used abdominal computed tomography to evaluate intra- and periorgan fat accumulations in the pancreas, liver, spleen, renal parenchyma, renal sinus, and skeletal muscle. The relationships between these fats, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat were examined by using partial correlation and covariance analysis, adjusting for BMI.

Primary aldosteronism patients with previous cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events have high aldosterone responsiveness to ACTH stimulation.

Aldosterone secretion in primary aldosteronism (PA) is often regulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in addition to its autonomous secretion. However, the clinical characteristics and risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CCV) events in PA patients with aldosterone responsiveness to ACTH stimulation remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CCV events in PA patients with high aldosterone responsiveness to ACTH stimulation.