Altered Expression of Vitamin D Metabolism Genes and Circulating MicroRNAs in PBMCs of Patients with Type 1 Diabetes: Their Association with Vitamin D Status and Ongoing Islet Autoimmunity.

Background: The immunomodulatory role of 1,25-Dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is exerted through its interaction with the vitamin D receptor (VDR) present on pancreatic and immune cells. While a deficiency in vitamin D has been linked to Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), the exact molecular mechanism driving this down-regulation in T1DM is yet to be fully understood. This study aimed to decipher differences in the expression of genes associated with vitamin D metabolism in T1DM patients and to ascertain if there is a correlation between serum 1,25(OH)2D3 levels and the expression of these genes.

Evaluation of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms (Fok-I and Bsm-I) in T1DM Saudi children.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency conferred strongest susceptibility to pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Altered gene expression and function have strong effect on VDR gene polymorphism.

Objectives: We aimed to check for the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VDR gene (Fok-I and Bsm-I) with T1DM in Saudi children.