Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis During Intensive Immunosuppressive Treatment for Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Pneumonia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterized by the accumulation of surfactants in the alveoli. It has been suggested that immunosuppressants contribute to the development and exacerbation of PAP. Here, we report the case of a 73-year-old man who developed secondary PAP after intensive immunosuppressive treatment for acute exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia (IP).

Assessment of Microcirculatory Dysfunction by Measuring Subcutaneous Tissue Oxygen Saturation Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Patients with Circulatory Failure.

Background: Patients with circulatory failure have high mortality rates and require prompt assessment of microcirculation. Despite the improvement in hemodynamic parameters, microcirculatory dysfunction persists. We measured subcutaneous regional tissue oxygen saturation (rSO) with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which can assess microcirculation in patients with circulatory failure.

Janus-Type Immunofluorescent Probes and a Quantitative Immunoassay System.

To realize highly sensitive immunoassays, high optical density probes conjugated with antibodies for target antigens have been demanded in order to increase the visibility of antigen-antibody complex formation. We herein demonstrate the development of an immunoassay system using magnetic and fluorescent Janus particles as probes in conjunction with an antibody-immobilized microfluidic device. The concentration of the detection limit at which there was a significant difference between SARS-CoV-2 and human coronavirus 229E antigens was 3.

Association Between Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Intestinal Behçet Disease.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the incidence of intestinal Behçet disease (BD) in patients with BD.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at The University of Tokyo Hospital, including patients with BD diagnosed between April 2005 and November 2023. Cox models and Kaplan-Meier analyses were used to evaluate hazard ratios (HRs) and cumulative incidence of intestinal BD, respectively.

Metabolic Factors Associated with Endoscopic Atrophy, Intestinal Metaplasia, and Gastric Neoplasms in -Positive Patients.

Background: Previous studies demonstrate an association between metabolic factors and -related gastric cancer. However, the association of gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia (IM) with these factors remains unknown.

Methods: Data on 1603 -positive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2001 and 2021 were evaluated.

Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model of infection.

is an important protozoan cause of diarrheal disease worldwide, delayed development and cognitive impairment in children in low- and middle-income countries, and protracted post-infectious syndromes in developed regions. resides in the lumen and at the epithelial surface of the proximal small intestine but is not mucosa invasive. The protozoan parasite is genetically diverse with significant genome differences across strains and assemblages.

In-situ heating-and-electron tomography for materials research: from 3D (in-situ 2D) to 4D (in-situ 3D).

In-situ observation has expanded the application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and has made a significant contribution to materials research and development for energy, biomedical, quantum, etc. Recent technological developments related to in-situ TEM have empowered the incorporation of three-dimensional observation, which was previously considered incompatible. In this review article, we take up heating as the most commonly used external stimulus for in-situ TEM observation and overview recent in-situ TEM studies.

Identification of olfactory alarm substances in zebrafish.

Escaping from danger is one of the most fundamental survival behaviors for animals. Most freshwater fishes display olfactory alarm reactions in which an injured fish releases putative alarm substances from the skin to notify its shoaling company about the presence of danger. Here, we identified two small compounds in zebrafish skin extract, designated as ostariopterin and daniol sulfate.

Bicarbonate signalling via G protein-coupled receptor regulates ischaemia-reperfusion injury.

Homoeostatic regulation of the acid-base balance is essential for cellular functional integrity. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism through which the acid-base balance regulates cellular responses. Here, we report that bicarbonate ions activate a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), i.

Association Between Vonoprazan and the Risk of Gastric Cancer After Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

Background & Aims: Potassium-competitive acid blockers (PCABs) have been increasingly used to treat upper gastrointestinal disorders, replacing proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Whereas PPIs are associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer (GC) after Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication, it is uncertain whether PCABs carry the same risk.

Methods: Using a population-based claims database in Japan, we identified patients who were prescribed a clarithromycin-based first regimen of Hp eradication between 2015 and 2018.

Inhibitory Actions of Antidepressants, Hypnotics, and Anxiolytics on Recombinant Human Acetylcholinesterase Activity.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), which is often alleviated by treatment with psychotropic drugs, such as antidepressants, hypnotics, and anxiolytics. If these drugs also inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, they may contribute to the suppression of AD progression by increasing brain acetylcholine concentrations. We tested the potential inhibitory effects of 31 antidepressants, 21 hypnotics, and 12 anxiolytics on recombinant human AChE (rhAChE) activity.

Upper gastrointestinal involvement of Behçet's disease in Japan: endoscopic findings and clinical features.

Aim: Behçet's disease (BD) can involve any gastrointestinal (GI) tract site. We analyzed the characteristics, risk factors, and treatment responses to upper GI (UGI) involvement in patients with BD.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed UGI findings in 101 patients with BD who underwent endoscopy between April 2005 and December 2022 at the University of Tokyo Hospital.

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin contributes to ozone-induced exacerbations of eosinophilic airway inflammation via granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in mice.

Background: Ozone is one of the triggers of asthma, but its impact on the pathophysiology of asthma, such as via airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), is not fully understood. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is increasingly seen as a crucial molecule associated with asthma severity, such as corticosteroid resistance.

Methods: Female BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with house dust mite (HDM) were exposed to ozone at 2 ppm for 3 h.

Neoadjuvant Therapy with Everolimus for Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma: A Case Report.

Direct surgical resection remains to be the standard treatment for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) with subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA). Medical therapy with everolimus (mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor or mTOR) serves as a second-line treatment for patients with SEGA who are determined to be ineligible for surgical resection. Some recent studies have reported that neoadjuvant therapy for SEGA may be a useful, novel treatment.

Diphenhydramine overdose detected early by integration of toxidrome and electrocardiography and treated with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report.

Drug overdose can lead to a range of symptoms, including potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. However, identifying the specific causative drug upon admission can be challenging in many cases. The toxidrome approach is a method that utilizes toxidromes, which are collections of findings obtained from physical examination and ancillary tests, that may be caused by a specific toxin.

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle by pulmonary artery banding in rats: a study of structural, functional, and transcriptomics alterations in the right and left ventricles.

Right ventricular remodeling with subsequent functional impairment can occur in some clinical conditions in adults and children. The triggering factors, molecular mechanisms, and, especially, the evolution over time are still not well known. Left ventricular (LV) changes associated with right ventricular (RV) remodeling are also poorly understood.

electron tomography for the thermally activated solid reaction of anaerobic nanoparticles.

The nanoscale characterization of thermally activated solid reactions plays a pivotal role in products manufactured by nanotechnology. Recently, observation in transmission electron microscopy combined with electron tomography, namely four-dimensional observation for heat treatment of nanomaterials, has attracted great interest. However, because most nanomaterials are highly reactive, , oxidation during transfer and electron beam irradiation would likely cause fatal artefacts; it is challenging to perform the artifact-free four-dimensional observation.

Severe obstructive colitis treated with repeated colonoscopic decompression.

Obstructive colitis is an acute condition caused by colorectal strictures and requires a combination of therapeutic strategies, including surgery, endoscopic interventions, and medications. Here, we describe the case of a 69-year-old man who developed severe obstructive colitis owing to diverticular stenosis of the sigmoid colon. We immediately performed endoscopic decompression to avoid perforation.

Relationship between brain volume reduction during the acute phase of sepsis and activities of daily living in elderly patients: A prospective cohort study.

Brain damage in acute sepsis may be associated with poor long-term outcomes that impair reintegration into society. We aimed to clarify whether brain volume reduction occurs during the acute phase of sepsis in patients with acute brain damage. In this prospective, noninterventional observational study, brain volume reduction was evaluated by comparing head computed tomography findings at admission with those obtained during hospitalization.

"The eyes are the windows of the soul": Portable automated pupillometry to monitor autonomic nervous activity in CO2 narcosis: A case report.

Rationale: Altered autonomic responses can be observed in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU), and these changes in abnormal autonomic responses are known to be associated with patient prognosis. Therefore, it is important to monitor autonomic nervous system activity in these critically ill patients. While the utility of monitoring critically ill patients using heart rate (HR) variability measurements has been reported, portable automated pupillometers are small, lightweight, and easy-to-operate medical devices that may be more easily evaluated for autonomic nervous system function.