Repercussions of Long-Term Naproxen Administration on LPS-Induced Periodontitis in Male Mice.

Aims: Chronic periodontitis is the sixth most prevalent disease worldwide and the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. With growing attention on the role of inflammatory and immune responses in its pathogenesis, there is an urgent need to evaluate host-modulatory agents. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) drugs play a crucial role in managing inflammatory conditions.

Bixin Combined with Metformin Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Antioxidant Defenses in Obese Mice.

Bixin (CHO; 394.51 g/mol) is the main apocarotenoid found in annatto seeds. It has a 25-carbon open chain structure with a methyl ester group and carboxylic acid.

Lycopene in Combination with Insulin Triggers Antioxidant Defenses and Increases the Expression of Components That Detoxify Advanced Glycation Products in Kidneys of Diabetic Rats.

Background: Biochemical events provoked by oxidative stress and advanced glycation may be inhibited by combining natural bioactives with classic therapeutic agents, which arise as strategies to mitigate diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lycopene combined with a reduced insulin dose is able to control glycemia and to oppose glycoxidative stress in kidneys of diabetic rats.

Methods: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were treated with 45 mg/kg lycopene + 1 U/day insulin for 30 days.

Combined Effects of Lycopene and Metformin on Decreasing Oxidative Stress by Triggering Endogenous Antioxidant Defenses in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

Since lycopene has antioxidant activity, its combination with metformin may be useful to contrast diabetic complications related to oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of metformin combined with lycopene on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Seventy-two C57BL-6J mice were divided into six groups: C (control diet-fed mice), H (HFD-fed mice for 17 weeks), H-V (HFD-fed mice treated with vehicle), H-M (HFD-fed mice treated with 50 mg/kg metformin), H-L (HFD-fed mice treated with 45 mg/kg lycopene), and H-ML (HFD-fed mice treated with 50 mg/kg metformin + 45 mg/kg lycopene).

Negative terpinen-4-ol modulate potentially malignant and malignant lingual lesions induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in rat model.

Our aim was to verify the modulative TP-4-ol capacity in 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide induced oral rat cancer. The stereoisomers of TP-4-ol were used against the human tongue squamous cell line and the negative stereoisomer showed lower IC50. Thirty-one Holtzman rats (120-130 g) were cancer-induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO/8 weeks/25 ppm) and 32 Holtzman rats (120-130 g) were used to healthy and TP-4-ol toxicity experiments.

Siolmatra brasiliensis stem extract ameliorates antioxidant defenses and mitigates glycoxidative stress in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Background: Obesity is accompanied by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, which favor the onset of complications related to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of hydroethanolic extract from Siolmatra brasiliensis stems on insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation, and oxidative stress in mice with induced obesity.

Methods: C57BL-6 J mice were fed a high-fat diet for 14 weeks and treated with 125 or 250 mg/kg S.

Impact of citrus flavonoid supplementation on inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontal disease in mice.

In general, the consumption of flavonoid-rich foods may influence the control/dysregulation of the magnitude and duration of inflammation and oxidative stress, which are known to contribute to multiple pathologies. Information regarding the impact of citrus flavonoid dietary supplementation on periodontal disease is still scarce. Herein, we investigated whether a diet supplemented with eriocitrin and eriodictyol could alter the course of the inflammatory response associated with LPS-induced periodontal disease in mice.

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibition restrains muscle proteolysis in diabetic rats by activating PKA and EPAC/Akt effectors and inhibiting FoxO factors.

Aim: There is growing evidence about the ability of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling and nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on mitigate muscle atrophy. PDE4 accounts for the major cAMP hydrolyzing activity in skeletal muscles, therefore advances are necessary about the consequences of treatment with PDE4 inhibitors on protein breakdown in atrophied muscles. We postulated that rolipram (selective PDE4 inhibitor) may activate cAMP downstream effectors, inhibiting proteolytic systems in skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.

Zn(ferulate)-LSH Systems as Multifunctional Filters.

Excessive UV solar radiation exposure causes human health risks; therefore, the study of multifunctional filters is important to skin UV protective ability and also to other beneficial activities to the human organism, such as reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for cellular damages. Potential multifunctional filters were obtained by intercalating of ferulate anions into layered simple metal hydroxides (LSH) through anion exchange and precipitation at constant pH methods. Ultrasound treatment was used in order to investigate the structural changes in LSH-ferulate materials.

Lycopene Improves the Metformin Effects on Glycemic Control and Decreases Biomarkers of Glycoxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats.

Introduction: Oxidative stress and exacerbated generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) participate in the onset of diabetic complications. Lycopene is a potent antioxidant; evidence accounts for its ability to mitigate diabetic disturbances, including the deleterious events of advanced glycation. Therefore, this carotenoid has emerged as a candidate to be used in combination with antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin, attempting to counteract the glycoxidative stress.

Pentoxifylline mitigates renal glycoxidative stress in obese mice by inhibiting AGE/RAGE signaling and increasing glyoxalase levels.

Aim: The pharmacological properties of pentoxifylline have been re-evaluated, particularly in chronic kidney disease in diabetes, favored by its anti-inflammatory action. Definitive evidences of renal outcomes are lacking, which indicates the need for investigation of novel mechanisms of action of pentoxifylline. We postulated that components associated with the metabolism of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) may be modulated by pentoxifylline, which consequently decreases the detrimental effects of obesity on kidneys.

Curcumin, Alone or in Combination with Aminoguanidine, Increases Antioxidant Defenses and Glycation Product Detoxification in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats: A Therapeutic Strategy to Mitigate Glycoxidative Stress.

Both oxidative stress and the exacerbated generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have crucial roles in the onset and progression of diabetic complications. Curcumin has antioxidant and antidiabetic properties; its combination with compounds capable of preventing the advanced glycation events, such as aminoguanidine, is an interesting therapeutic option to counteract diabetic complications. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of treatments with curcumin or aminoguanidine, alone or in combination, on metabolic alterations in streptozotocin-diabetic rats; the focus was mainly on the potential of these bioactive compounds to oppose the glycoxidative stress.

Curcumin combined with metformin decreases glycemia and dyslipidemia, and increases paraoxonase activity in diabetic rats.

Background: Combination of current antidiabetic agents with natural antioxidants to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications has appeared as an emerging trend. Curcumin, a yellow pigment isolated from rhizomes, has gained attention due to its beneficial effects in controlling the disturbances observed in diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to investigate if yoghurt enriched with curcumin and metformin, individually or as mixtures, ameliorates physiometabolic parameters, glycoxidative stress biomarkers, and paraoxonase 1 (PON 1) activity in diabetic rats.

In vitro methods to determine the antioxidant activity of caffeic acid.

Caffeic acid (CA) is a plant metabolite acting as a carcinogenic inhibitor, and exhibits a high antioxidant effect and some antimicrobial activity. Besides, this compound can be useful in the prevention of heart diseases and atherosclerosis, among others. The present study aims to determine the in vitro antioxidant activity of CA in order to increase the frequency of its use and reliability in the prevention of damage caused by free radicals and other reactive species.

Curcumin improves the effect of a reduced insulin dose on glycemic control and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Insulin with natural antioxidants is emerging as a combination treatment for diabetes mellitus that attempts to exert effective glycemic control without adverse effects. The present study aimed to investigate the additive effects on metabolic disturbances, oxidative damage, and antioxidant defenses in streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with curcumin and a reduced insulin dose. The best results were obtained in the treatment of diabetic rats with 4-U/day insulin; however, the glycemia levels in these rats were lower than those in normal rats, indicating a risk of hypoglycemia.

inhibition of protein glycation and advanced glycation end products formation by hydroethanolic extract and two fractions of roots.

Long-term hyperglycemia maintenance is responsible for increased protein glycation and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), both are associated with the onset of diabetes mellitus complications. Efforts have been made to discover new agents having antiglycation potential. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the hydroethanolic extract and the ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of roots on the formation of AGEs.

Emodin, Physcion, and Crude Extract of var. Induce Mixed Cell Death, Increase in Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage, and Inhibition of AKT in Cervical and Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cell Lines.

There have been few studies on the pharmacological properties of var. , a native Brazilian species popularly known as "fruto-de-pombo." The aim of this study was to investigate the scavenging capacity of emodin, physcion, and the ethanolic crude extract of var.

Insulin treatment reverses the increase in atrogin-1 expression in atrophied skeletal muscles of diabetic rats with acute joint inflammation.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in biomarkers of skeletal muscle proteolysis (atrogin-1, muscle RING finger-1 protein [MuRF-1]) and inflammation (nuclear factor kappa-B) in skeletal muscles of rats under two catabolic conditions, diabetes mellitus (DM) and acute joint inflammation, and the effects of insulin therapy.

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into groups without diabetes - normal (N), saline (NS), or ι-carrageenan (NCa) injection into the tibiotarsal joint - and groups with diabetes - diabetes (D), plus insulin (DI), saline (DS), or ι-carrageenan (DCa) injection into the tibiotarsal joint, or ι-carrageenan injection and treatment with insulin (DCaI). Three days after ι-carrageenan injection (17 days after diabetes induction), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO) skeletal muscles were used for analysis.

Involvement of cAMP/EPAC/Akt signaling in the antiproteolytic effects of pentoxifylline on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.

Advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling protein breakdown in skeletal muscles have allowed the exploration of new options for treating muscle-wasting conditions. Pentoxifylline (PTX), a nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, attenuates the loss of muscle mass during catabolic conditions, mainly via inhibiting protein breakdown. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms by which PTX inhibits proteolysis in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Combined Effects of Curcumin and Lycopene or Bixin in Yoghurt on Inhibition of LDL Oxidation and Increases in HDL and Paraoxonase Levels in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats.

Combination therapy using natural antioxidants to manage diabetes mellitus and its complications is an emerging trend. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes promoted by treatment of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats with yoghurt enriched with the bioactives curcumin, lycopene, or bixin (the latter two being carotenoids). Antioxidants were administered individually, or as mixtures, and biomarkers of metabolic and oxidative disturbances, particularly those associated with cardiovascular risk, were assessed.

Curcumin Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evidences in Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats Support the Antidiabetic Activity to Be via Metabolite(s).

This study measures the curcumin concentration in rat plasma by liquid chromatography and investigates the changes in the glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated with curcumin-enriched yoghurt. The analytical method for curcumin detection was linear from 10 to 500 ng/mL. The C max⁡ and the time to reach C max⁡ (t max⁡) of curcumin in plasma were 3.

Effects of uremic solutes on reactive oxygen species in vitro model systems as a possibility of support the renal function management.

Background: In view of the prevalence of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the loss of low-molecular-weight biomolecules by hemodialysis and the antioxidant potential of some uremic solutes that accumulate in CKD, we used in vitro model systems to test the antioxidant potential of the following uremic solutes: uric acid, hippuric acid, p-cresol, phenol, methylguanidine, L-arginine, L-tyrosine, creatinine and urea.

Methods: The in vitro antioxidant efficiencies of the uremic solutes, isolated or in mixtures, were tested with the following assays: i) ABTS radical cation decolorization assay; ii) hypochlorous acid (HOCl/OCl(-)) scavenging activity; iii) superoxide anion radical (O2(•-)) scavenging activity; iv) crocin bleaching assay (capture of peroxyl radical, ROO(•)); v) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging activity.

Results: Four of the tested uremic solutes (p-cresol, phenol, L-tyrosine, uric acid) were effective antioxidants and their IC50 were found in three model systems: ABTS(•+), HOCl/OCl(-) and crocin bleaching assay.

Nicotine-enhanced oxidation of low-density lipoprotein and its components by myeloperoxidase/H₂O₂/Cl- system.

In this study, the effect of nicotine on the LDL oxidation by the MPO/H2O2/Cl- system and the effect of HOCl on LDL and some of its components, such as methyl linoleate, vitamin E and the amino acid tryptophan were explored. Nicotine, in micromolar concentrations, enhanced the tryptophan oxidation, either present in LDL or free, in solution. Nicotine also decreased the formation of conjugated dienes and oxygen consumption in a methyl linoleate / HOCl system, and there was evidence to suggest an increase in chlorohydrin formation.