Monitoring of hydrolysis products of organophosphorus nerve agents in plant material and soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Nerve agents are organophosphorus compounds of the highest toxicity and danger. The production, transportation and use of these substances are prohibited by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. Any fact of alleged use of nerve agents is a crime against humanity and must be investigated in detail by the world community.

Monitoring of hydrolysis products of mustard gas, some sesqui- and oxy-mustards and other chemical warfare agents in a plant material by HPLC-MS/MS.

At present, there is a real threat of chemical warfare agents being used in terrorist acts and military clashes. Sulfur and nitrogen mustards are blister agents with high lethality and rapid disruption of armed forces. These highly poisonous substances are hydrolyzed to the characteristic marker compounds when released into the environment.

Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus nerve agent markers in urine by IC-MS/MS using anion-exchange solid-phase extraction.

In this study a comprehensive approach for determination of low molecular organophosphorus nerve agent markers - highly polar alkylphosphonic acids and much less polar alkyl methylphosphonic acids is presented. Accurate, sensitive and simultaneous determination of the nerve agent markers in human urine was performed by ion chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry using deuterated internal standards. Analysis of the urine extracts was conducted on an anion-exchanger based on poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) substrate with a high degree of crosslinking and a covalently-bonded branched functional layer.

Rapid IC-MS/MS determination of methylphosphonic acid in urine of rats exposed to organophosphorus nerve agents.

A direct approach for the determination of a specific hydrolysis product of organophosphorus nerve agents such as methylphosphonic acid (MPA) in urine by ion chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) has been developed. The first advantage of the proposed approach is a rapid and simple sample preparation, which does not require a large sample volume, complicated and laborious preconcentration and derivatization steps, and takes less than 7min per sample. The second advantage is the fast and selective IC determination of MPA carried out on a noncommercial anion exchanger based on a poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) (PS-DVB) substrate with a high degree of crosslinking and a covalently-bonded branched functional layer, which enables complete resolution of MPA from major urine matrix components and allows one to overcome matrix effects.

"Dilute-and-shoot" rapid-separation liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for fast detection of thiodiglycolic acid in urine.

A new sensitive rapid-separation liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry approach for the determination of thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) in urine has been developed. The use of the "dilute-and-shoot" method helps to shorten the sample preparation stage and provides a sensitive and direct approach for TDGA determination in urine. Chromatographic separation of the analyte and other urine compounds was achieved using a reverse-phase liquid chromatography column with mobile phases consisting of 0.

'Dilute-and-shoot' RSLC-MS-MS method for fast detection of nerve and vesicant chemical warfare agent metabolites in urine.

A sensitive screening method based on fast liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (RSLC-MS-MS) has shown the feasibility of separation and detection of low concentration β-lyase metabolites of sulfur mustard and of nerve agent phosphonic acids in urine. The analysis of these compounds is of interest because they are specific metabolites of the chemical warfare agents (CWAs), sulfur mustard (HD), sarin (GB), soman (GD), VX and Russian VX (RVX). The 'dilute-and-shoot' RSLC-MS-MS method provides a sensitive and direct approach for determining CWA exposure in non-extracted non-derivatized samples from urine.

Lewisite metabolites detection in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A sensitive and simple method for the quantification and for the detection of 2-chlorovinylarsonous (CVAA) and 2-chlorovinylarsonic (CVAOA) acids was developed. CVAA and CVOA are important biological markers in human and rat urine specific to lewisite (chlorovinylarsonous chloride compounds) exposure. The developed assay was based on the use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid-chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization (negative ion-mode) low-energy collision dissociation-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS/MS).