Hypocalcemia Risk of Denosumab Across the Spectrum of Kidney Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Denosumab can be used in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but has been linked with cases of severe hypocalcemia. The incidence of and risk factors for hypocalcemia after denosumab use are not well established. Using linked health care databases at ICES, we conducted a population-based cohort study of adults >65 years old with a new prescription for denosumab or a bisphosphonate between 2012 and 2020.

Investigation of Fusobacterium Nucleatum in saliva and colorectal mucosa: a pilot study.

As evidence has been linking the oral bacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) to colorectal tumorigenesis, we aimed to produce preliminary data on the expression of F. nucleatum in both oral and colorectal body sites in cases diagnosed with colorectal neoplasms (CRN) and CRN-free controls.

Periodontal disease as a risk factor for sporadic colorectal cancer: results from COLDENT study.

Colorectal cancer remains the top leading cancer worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests periodontal pathogens are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis, indicating the need for high-quality epidemiological evidence linking periodontal disease (PD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Thus, we conducted the first population-based case-control study that was specifically designed to investigate the association between compromised oral health and sporadic CRC.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and risk of bleeding and acute ischemic events in non-hypertensive Alzheimer's patients.

Introduction: Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) are commonly used to treat mild to moderate cases of Alzheimer disease (AD). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study estimating the risk of bleeding and cardiovascular events in patients with non-hypertensive AD. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the association between AChEIs and the risk of bleeding and cardiovascular ischemic events in patients with non-hypertensive AD.

Propensity score matching versus coarsened exact matching in observational comparative effectiveness research.

We compared propensity score matching (PSM) and coarsened exact matching (CEM) in balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups using observational data obtained from a pan-Canadian prostate cancer radiotherapy database. Changes in effect estimates were evaluated as a function of improvements in balance, using results from randomized clinical trials to guide interpretation. CEM and PSM improved balance between groups in both comparisons, while retaining the majority of original data.

Biochemistry tests in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Experience from a Canadian tertiary care centre.

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has variable clinical presentation, from asymptomatic to severe disease leading to death. Biochemical markers may help with management and prognostication of COVID-19 patients; however, their utility is still under investigation.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate alanine aminotransferase, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate, and high sensitivity troponin T (TnT) levels in 67 patients who were admitted to a Canadian tertiary care centre for management of COVID-19.

Effects of nocturnal wearing of dentures on the quality of sleep and oral-health-related quality in edentate elders with untreated sleep apnea: a randomized cross-over trial.

Study Objectives: This study aims to assess whether the nocturnal wear of dentures has an effect on the quality of sleep and oral-health-related quality of life of the edentulous elderly with untreated sleep apnea.

Methods: A single-blind randomized cross-over design with two sequences and two periods was used. Participants (n = 77) were randomly assigned either to sequence 1 (nocturnal wear followed by nocturnal nonwear of the denture for 30-30 days) or sequence 2 (nocturnal nonwear followed by nocturnal wear of denture for 30-30 days).

The effect of gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of asthma in offspring.

Purpose: To examine the effect of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus on the risk of asthma in the offspring.

Methods: This cohort study used data from 19,933 children in the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), 1994/1995-2008/2009, Canada. Children were followed until the first-time report of having health professional-diagnosed asthma (hereafter incident asthma), loss to follow-up, or end of the NLSCY follow-up, whichever occurred first.

Detection of Fusobaterium nucleatum in feces and colorectal mucosa as a risk factor for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of colorectal infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Age, period, and cohort effects on asthma prevalence in Canadian adults, 1994-2011.

Purpose: To examine the age, period, and cohort effects on asthma prevalence among Canadian adults from 1994/1995 to 2010/2011.

Methods: Using data from the National Population Health Survey, 13,616 Canadian adults were followed for 16 years. Age was limited to 18-80 years during follow-up.

Asthma exacerbation trajectories and their predictors in children with incident asthma.

Background: Asthma exacerbation trajectories in children after incident asthma diagnosis are understudied.

Objective: To identify trajectories of asthma exacerbation and predictors of these trajectories in children with incident asthma.

Methods: Children from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, Canada, with incident asthma were followed-up for up to 12 years during childhood.

Is a fusobacterium nucleatum infection in the colon a risk factor for colorectal cancer?: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Background: Despite a considerable amount of epidemiological research for identification of risk factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer, the current understanding of the etiology of this disease remains rather poor. Accumulating evidence suggests a potentially important role of infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon in colorectal carcinogenesis. The objective of this systematic review is to synthesize the epidemiological evidence on the association between infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum in the colon and colorectal cancer.

Does the use of incretin-based medications increase the risk of cancer in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus?

Purpose: Incretin-based medications are a novel class of agents for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The safety profile of these medications is not firmly established, and concerns have been raised about their potential carcinogenicity. The objective of our study was to produce new evidence on the effect of incretin-based medications on cancer risk in patients with DM2.

Missing single nucleotide polymorphisms in Genetic Risk Scores: A simulation study.

Using a genetic risk score (GRS) to predict a phenotype in a target sample can be complicated by missing data on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that comprise the GRS. This is usually addressed by imputation, omission of the SNPs or by replacing the missing SNPs with proxy SNPs. To assess the impact of the omission and proxy approaches on effect size estimation and predictive ability of weighted and unweighted GRS with small numbers of SNPs, we simulated a dichotomous phenotype conditional on real genotype data.

Relations between lipoprotein(a) concentrations, LPA genetic variants, and the risk of mortality in patients with established coronary heart disease: a molecular and genetic association study.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) concentrations in plasma are associated with cardiovascular risk in the general population. Whether lipoprotein(a) concentrations or LPA genetic variants predict long-term mortality in patients with established coronary heart disease remains less clear.

Methods: We obtained data from 3313 patients with established coronary heart disease in the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study.

The consumption of coffee and black tea and the risk of lung cancer.

Purpose: Coffee and black tea are among the most consumed beverages worldwide. Although their potential role in lung cancer occurrence has been investigated in several studies, results have been inconclusive. We investigated the associations between intake of coffee and black tea with lung cancer in a population-based case-control study in Montreal, Canada.