New species of Ellipsomyxa (Bivalvulida: Ceratomyxidae) parasitizing the gallbladder of Ageneiosus ucayalensis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) in the Brazilian Amazon region.

The present study describes a new myxozoan species, Ellipsomyxa matosi n. sp. infecting the gallbladder of the catfish Ageneiosus ucayalensis, on Jutuba Island, municipality of Belém, state of Pará, Brazil.

Ceratomyxa matosi n. sp. (Myxozoa: Ceratomyxidae) parasitizing the gallbladder of Boulengerella cuvieri (Characiformes: Ctenoluciidae) State of Amapá, Brazilian Amazon.

Myxozoa is a class of the Phylum Cnidaria made up of endoparasites from aquatic habitats. The genus Ceratomyxa preferentially infects marine fish, with the gallbladder being the main site parasitized. This study aimed to describe a new species of Ceratomyxa found in this organ in Boulengerella cuvieri using morphological, morphometric characterization and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA gene sequences.

Morphology and phylogeny of Coccomyxa bragantinensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) found parasitising the Coco Sea catfish, Bagre bagre (Siluriformes: Ariidae), captured off the coast of Northern Brazil.

The present study describes Coccomyxa bragantinensis n. sp., which was found parasitising the gallbladder of the Coco Sea catfish, Bagre bagre, captured off Ajuruteua beach, in the region of Bragança in Pará state, northern Brazil.

CSN1S1 and CSN3 gene variants in female Murrah buffaloes in the Brazilian Amazon.

The characteristics of milk are controlled by several genes, with emphasis on the four genes from casein, CSN1S1; CSN1S2; CSN2 and CSN3, which are responsible encoding of fractions the milk protein. The study of genetic variants in these genes, seek to investigate alleles, insertions or deletions, that can directly reflect on productive characteristics, indicating differences in milk quality, composition and yield. The CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes were analyzed in lactating Murrah buffaloes using nucleotide sequencing.

Utrastructure and molecular phylogeny of the myxozoan Kudoa ocellatus n. sp. (Myxozoa: Kudoidae), a parasite of the Oscar, Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831; Teleostei: Cichlidae), a fish from northern Brazil.

Kudoa ocellatus n. sp. was found in the musculature of Astronotus ocelattus (Agassiz, 1831) from the Arari River on Marajó Island in Pará, Brazil.

Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Hoferellus jutubensis n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) found parasitising Ageneiosus inermis (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae), in the Brazilian Amazon region.

The present study describes Hoferellus jutubensis n. sp., a myxozoan parasite found in the urinary bladder of the driftwood catfish Ageneiosus inermis, captured on Jutuba Island in the state of Pará, northern Brazil.

New species of Myxidiidae Thélohan, 1892 (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) found in characiform fish from the basin of Tocantins River in eastern Brazilian Amazonia.

Coelozoic parasites of the family Myxidiidae were observed in fish of the order Characiformes captured in the middle Tocantins River, Maranhão, Brazil, within the transition between the Cerrado savanna biome and the eastern extreme of the Brazilian Amazon Forest. The analysis of the morphological characteristics of the parasites, complemented with a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, supported the description of new specie Myxidium imperatrizensis n. sp.

Morphological and phylogenetic characterisation of Unicauda tavaresii n. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxobolidae): a parasite of the circumorbital tissue of the eye of two characiform fishes from the Amazon region of Brazil.

Myxozoans of the family Myxobolidae are common parasites in fish. The diversity and ecology of the species of the genus Unicauda are poorly known, which hampers the understanding of the distribution and prevalence of this group of parasites. In the present study, cysts containing parasites whose morphology was consistent with the genus Unicauda were found in the circumorbital region of the ocular conjunctiva of the freshwater fish Moenkhausia grandisquamis Müller & Troschel, 1845 (Characiformes: Characidae) and Triportheus angulatus Spix & Agassiz, 1829 (Characiformes: Triportheidae).

New occurrence of Kudoa orbicularis parasitizing the freshwater catfish Trachelyopterus galeatus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) in the Brazlian Amazon region.

The aim of this was describe an infection by Kudoa orbicularis in freshwater catfish Trachelyopterus galeatus. A sample of 80 specimens of T. galeatus was collected in the municipality of Cachoeira do Arari, Marajó Island, in the state of Pará, Brazil.

Morphology and Phylogeny of Calyptospora paranaidji n. sp. (Eimeriorina: Calyptosporidae), an Apicomplexan Parasite of the Hepatic Tissue of Cichla piquiti Kullander & Ferreira, 2006, From a Reservoir in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

The coccidians of the family Calyptosporidae are parasites of the tissue and organs of fish and aquatic invertebrates, in particular in the tropical region. In contrast with other apicomplexans of the suborder Eimeriorina, the diversity and ecology of the species of the genus Calyptospora have been poorly investigated, resulting in a lacuna that restricts the understanding of the distribution and prevalence of this group of eukaryote microparasites in the Amazon region. In the present study, the integrated comparative analysis of morphological characteristics, histological and structural traits, and the sequences of a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene, provides support for the identification of a new species of Calyptospora, found parasitizing the hepatic tissue of the piscivorous blue peacock bass, Cichla piquiti, captured in the reservoir of the Estreito hydroelectric dam on the middle Tocantins River in northern Brazil.

Tracing individuals and populations of the tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818), from Brazilian hatcheries using microsatellite markers.

Background: In recent years, tracing of alimentary produce of animal origin has become increasingly important, for economic, food safety and ecological reasons. The tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum, is the native fish most farmed in Brazil. The reliable identification of the origin of tambaquis (wild or farmed) offered for sale to the general public has become necessary to satisfy regulatory norms and uphold consumer confidence.

Whole Genome Sequencing of the Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) Supports Independent Emergence of Major Teleost Clades.

The Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) is one of the world's largest freshwater fishes and member of the superorder Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues), one of the oldest lineages of ray-finned fishes. This species is an obligate air-breather found in the basin of the Amazon River with an attractive potential for aquaculture. Its phylogenetic position among bony fishes makes the Pirarucu a relevant subject for evolutionary studies of early teleost diversification.

High-Throughput miRNA Sequencing Reveals a Field Effect in Gastric Cancer and Suggests an Epigenetic Network Mechanism.

Field effect in cancer, also called "field cancerization", attempts to explain the development of multiple primary tumors and locally recurrent cancer. The concept of field effect in cancer has been reinforced, since molecular alterations were found in tumor-adjacent tissues with normal histopatho-logical appearances. With the aim of investigating field effects in gastric cancer (GC), we conducted a high-throughput sequencing of the miRnome of four GC samples and their respective tumor-adjacent tissues and compared them with the miRnome of a gastric antrum sample from patients without GC, assuming that tumor-adjacent tissues could not be considered as normal tissues.

High-Throughput Sequencing of miRNAs Reveals a Tissue Signature in Gastric Cancer and Suggests Novel Potential Biomarkers.

Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide; however, the use of biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis remains limited. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomarkers with the potential to identify the risk and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets. We performed the ultradeep miRnomes sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric antrum without tumor samples.

TargetCompare: A web interface to compare simultaneous miRNAs targets.

Unlabelled: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding nucleotide sequences between 17 and 25 nucleotides in length that primarily function in the regulation of gene expression. A since miRNA has thousand of predict targets in a complex, regulatory cell signaling network. Therefore, it is of interest to study multiple target genes simultaneously.

A Protocol for mtGenome Analysis on Large Sample Numbers.

The mitochondrial genome is widely studied in a variety of fields, such as population, forensic, and human and medical genetics. Most studies have been limited to a small portion of the sequence that, although highly diverse, does not describe the total variability. The arrival of modern high-throughput sequencing technologies has made it possible to investigate larger sequences in a shorter amount of time as well as in a more affordable fashion.

Identification of miRNAs Expression Profile in Gastric Cancer Using Self-Organizing Maps (SOM).

In this paper, an unsupervised artificial neural network was implemented to identify the patters of specific signatures. The network was based on the differential expression of miRNAs (under or over expression) found in healthy or cancerous gastric tissues. Among the tissues analyzes, the neural network evaluated 514 miRNAs of gastric tissue that exhibited significant differential expression.

MiRNA expression profile for the human gastric antrum region using ultra-deep sequencing.

Background: MicroRNAs are small non-coding nucleotide sequences that regulate gene expression. These structures are fundamental to several biological processes, including cell proliferation, development, differentiation and apoptosis. Identifying the expression profile of microRNAs in healthy human gastric antrum mucosa may help elucidate the miRNA regulatory mechanisms of the human stomach.

Enzymatic isolation of Lacazia loboi cells from skin lesions of lobomycosis.

Lacazia loboi is the etiologic agent of Jorge Lobo's disease, a cutaneous and subcutaneous mycosis endemic to Latin America tropical regions and characterized by chronic nodular or keloidal lesions which develop after traumatic events. A new method for the extraction of L. loboi yeast cells from biopsies of lobomycosis skin lesions is presented.

Distribution of CCR5-delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A mutations in populations from the Brazilian Amazon region.

The frequency distribution of the CCR5-delta32, CCR2-64I, and SDF1-3'A alleles was studied in the urban population of Belém and in Afro-Brazilians, Amerindians, and Japanese immigrants in the state of Pará, Brazil. The results suggest that Amerindians may be genetically more susceptible to HIV-1 infection and disease progression than the other human groups studied.