Proteomic analysis reveals different composition of extracellular vesicles released by two strains associated with their distinct interaction with host cells.

, the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease, releases vesicles containing a wide range of surface molecules known to affect the host immunological responses and the cellular infectivity. Here, we compared the secretome of two distinct strains (Y and YuYu) of , which were previously shown to differentially modulate host innate and acquired immune responses. Tissue culture-derived trypomastigotes of both strains secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), as demonstrated by electron scanning microscopy.

Altered Hypercoagulability Factors in Patients with Chronic Chagas Disease: Potential Biomarkers of Therapeutic Response.

Thromboembolic events were described in patients with Chagas disease without cardiomyopathy. We aim to confirm if there is a hypercoagulable state in these patients and to determine if there is an early normalization of hemostasis factors after antiparasitic treatment. Ninety-nine individuals from Chagas disease-endemic areas were classified in two groups: G1, with T.

Molecular Characterization of a Novel Family of Trypanosoma cruzi Surface Membrane Proteins (TcSMP) Involved in Mammalian Host Cell Invasion.

Background: The surface coat of Trypanosoma cruzi is predominantly composed of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, which have been extensively characterized. However, very little is known about less abundant surface proteins and their role in host-parasite interactions.

Methodology/ Principal Findings: Here, we described a novel family of T.

Biomarkers of therapeutic responses in chronic Chagas disease: state of the art and future perspectives.

The definition of a biomarker provided by the World Health Organization is any substance, structure, or process that can be measured in the body, or its products and influence, or predict the incidence or outcome of disease. Currently, the lack of prognosis and progression markers for chronic Chagas disease has posed limitations for testing new drugs to treat this neglected disease. Several molecules and techniques to detect biomarkers in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected patients have been proposed to assess whether specific treatment with benznidazole or nifurtimox is effective.

Recognition of TLR2 N-glycans: critical role in ArtinM immunomodulatory activity.

TLR2 plays a critical role in the protection against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis conferred by ArtinM administration. ArtinM, a D-mannose-binding lectin from Artocarpus heterophyllus, induces IL-12 production in macrophages and dendritic cells, which accounts for the T helper1 immunity that results from ArtinM administration. We examined the direct interaction of ArtinM with TLR2using HEK293A cells transfected with TLR2, alone or in combination with TLR1 or TLR6, together with accessory proteins.

[Behavior of the chemiluminescent ELISA method in relation to results considered discordant via three conventional techniques for diagnosing Chagas disease].

When indirect hemagglutination, indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay are used together for serologically diagnosing Chagas disease, results that are considered discordant sometimes occur because there is disagreement between what these tests indicate. The availability of the chemiluminescent ELISA method enabled tests on 200 serum samples that had previously produced discordant results from the three above-mentioned methods. CL-ELISA revealed that 193 of these samples were negative and seven were positive.

Post-translational modifications of Trypanosoma cruzi histone H4.

Histone tails provide sites for a variety of post-translational modifications implicated in the control of gene expression and chromatin assembly. As both histones and control of gene expression in trypanosomes are highly divergent compared to most eukaryotes, post-translational modifications of Trypanosoma cruzi histones were investigated. After in vivo incubation of live parasites with radiolabeled precursors, histone H4 mainly incorporates [(3)H]-acetyl, and to a lesser extent [(3)H]-methyl residues.