Markers of respiratory function response to high-carbohydrate and high-fat intake in patients with lung diseases: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Macronutrients can differently affect respiratory function markers such as VO , VCO , PaO , PaCO , and respiratory quotients (RQs), but systematic appraisal of the evidence on randomized clinical trials (RCTs) is lacking.

Objective: The objective of this work is to compare the response of respiratory function markers with high-carbohydrate and high-fat intake in patients with lung diseases.

Methods: Systematic review conducted according to Cochrane Collaboration recommendations, reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for pairwise systematic reviews of interventions 2020.

Nutritional risk in critically ill patients: how it is assessed, its prevalence and prognostic value: a systematic review.

Context: Nutritional risk (NR) screening is the first step of nutrition care process. Few data are available in literature about its prevalence, nor, to our knowledge, is a universally accepted reference method for the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective: The aim for this systematic review was to summarize evidence regarding the prevalence of NR and the predictive validity of different tools applied for NR screening of critically ill patients.