COVID-19 infection as a trigger for new-onset type 1 diabetes in a susceptible individual - or just coincidence?

The cytotoxic effects of COVID-19 raise the question of a possible relation between COVID-19 infection and new-onset type 1 diabetes. We report the case of an eight-year-old boy with new-onset type 1 diabetes and an asymptomatic COVID-19 infection. The eight-year-old boy was hospitalized on December 18, 2020 due to increased polyuria during the preceding 1 week.

Symptoms, antibody levels and vaccination attitude after asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 infection in 200 healthcare workers.

In Germany, the willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 is rather low among medical staff. We collected data on symptoms, antibody titers and vaccination readiness from clinic employees at a municipal clinic who had already been through a COVID-19 infection (asymptomatic to moderate). We also examined the antibody titers for their possible importance as an individual decision-making aid with regard to vaccination.

Antibody titers and rapid antigen testing in elderly patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia vs. staff of ICU and "Covid-19" wards.

The majority of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are older individuals. Age and the comorbidities typically associated with it usually go hand in hand with a less favorable course of the disease. We were interested in the antibody response in this particular patient group as well as in the results of rapid antigen testing.

Fast Clinical, but Long-Term, Biochemical Remission after Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome.

. The Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (WFS) is a course of bacterial meningitis with a lethality rate that is still high today. One hallmark of the clinical course is intravascular coagulopathy.

Hydroxychloroquine is no miracle cure for covid-19 infection -imaging and clinical course in an elderly female.

The risk for an unfavourable course of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia rises with age and comorbidities. We report the case of an elderly female where the sum of such factors - together with massive findings in the computed tomography of the lung - led us to a therapy with hydroxychloroquine as a compassionate use. The unfavourable outcome demonstrates that - despite the enthusiasm of some authors - hydroxychloroquine is no miracle drug.

Seroprevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in the cleaning and oncological staff of a municipal clinic.

To prevent shedding of the novel COVID-19 virus in hospitals, strict hygiene measures and surveillance of the staff and patients is mandatory. Studying the available literature, we assumed that monitoring of the cleaning staff may sometimes be a "blind spot" in surveillance. Although the cleaning personnel is not entrusted with the medical and nursing care of patients, the extent of patient contacts in this group may be comparable to medical personnel and even increase in times of a visit ban in many hospitals.

Course of a SARS-COV-2 pneumonia in a middle-aged male patient.

The SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been declared a pandemic by the WHO. Most fatalities occur in elderly people with comorbidities. However, SARS-CoV-2 pneumonias do also occur in younger patients with no comorbidities or risk factors at all.

What does a gastroenterologist need to know in the time of SARS-CoV-2 pandemia?

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 that was first identified in Wuhan, China 2019 and that led to a worldwide pandemia. In addition to typical respiratory signs (dry cough, shortness of breathing), some patients may develop gastrointestinal and hepatological complications including diarrhea or acute hepatitis, respectively. Due to the close contact to the patient's secretion, the gastroenterologists are at increased risk of getting the infection.

Abdominal erythema ab igne-An "old" finding revisited.

Abdominal erythema ab igne may be the result of insufficient pain medication in chronic pancreatitis. Stenting therapy is to be considered, and the patient should be informed about the risk of developing cutaneous squamous or Merkel cell carcinoma.

An analysis of early morning acth levels in the first case of pembrolizumab-induced adrenalitis as a delayed immune-related event (dire) - case study.

Objective: The aim: The levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) are elevated in primary adrenal failure (Addison's disease) with a peak in the early morning hours. This also occurs under hydrocortisone replacement therapy due to the unphysiological substitution regime. The aim was to study ACTH levels under two different replacement regimens.

[Intestinal microbiota - a vital "organ" with manifold functions].

Background: The intestinal microbiota must be seen as an elementary component of our health.

Method: Review article RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: An abnormal gut microbiota (dysbiosis) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of functional and inflammatory bowel diseases. It is often also associated with diseases outside the intestine.

How much liver does a person need?

In patients who had no medical care for years, it is wise to expect the unexpected. Here, a gigantic liver cyst compressed abdominal organs, vessels, and the gut. The patient is thus far doing well in a nursing home, exemplifying the low amount of residual liver tissue necessary for survival.

Unmasking of a large pheochromocytoma by pyelonephritis.

Pheochromocytoma is a rare reason for hypertension. At least in younger people, an endocrinological workup of the etiology of hypertension is mandatory, as this case describes. If the pheochromocytomas are large enough, they can not only lead to hypertension but also cause direct damage to surrounding organs.

Extent of lipohypertrophy in diabetic patients-Sometimes much more than meets the eye.

Lipohypertrophies frequently occur during insulin therapy. They alter insulin absorption, causing higher insulin requirements (and costs), fluctuating blood glucose and episodes of unpredictable hypoglycemia. Screening is mandatory, as well as assessment of their actual size.

Humoral Hypercalcemia in a Patient with Cholangiocellular Carcinoma - Effective Therapy with Denosumab.

BACKGROUND Hypercalcemia in cholangiocellular carcinoma is a highly uncommon event, mainly reported in Asian patients. In the absence of bone metastases, humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) can be assumed. This is mostly the consequence of an elevated parathormone-related peptide (PTHrP) level.

Hypothesis: does adrenalitis caused by immune checkpoint-inhibitors put melanoma patients at an elevated risk for recurrence?

Primary adrenal failure (Addison's disease) is a rare complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Untreated - and also sometimes under adequate hydrocortisone replacement therapy - the levels of ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone) and MSH (Melanocyte stimulating hormone) are elevated. This may be a reason for concern in patients with malignant melanoma (MM): Melanocortin receptors bind to ACTH and the different isoforms of MSH.

Severe metabolic syndrome and primary amenorrhea as main pathophysiological features in a subtype of turner syndrome (46, X, del (X) Q 21).

Turner syndrome can be manifest with a considerable genetic and phenotypic variability. This merely accounts for about 50% of patients who do not have the "classic" 45 X genotype. We report the case of a 42-year-old female patient with a 46, X, del (X) q 21 genotype (deletion on the second X chromosome on the long arm).

Adhesion Ileus after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Long-Standing Radiation Colitis.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel strategy for the therapy of dysbiosis-associated disorders via modulation of the gut microbiota. Intestinal dysbiosis is associated not only with digestive disorders, but also with a variety of extra-digestive disorders. A worldwide increasing number of FMT can be expected in the future as well as an increase in adverse events.

[Gut-liver axis: How intestinal bacteria affect the liver].

Background: Liver and intestine are in close contact with each other. The risk of damage to the liver increases, when the intestinal barrier is damaged ("leaky gut") .

Method: The review article describes how intestinal bacteria influence the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases and what treatment options are available.