[The problem of quality of medications at Russian market (1992-2004). Report II. The control of new and serially produced medications].

The archives of the Ministry of Health Care of Russia, journal publications, interviews and memoirs testify that issue of medications quality was key issue in life of Russian Pharma in 1992-2004. The support of medication safety considered not only as part of social policy, but also as rules that could be used to reformat the "wild bazaar" into "controlled market". The media disputes, departmental justifications, political bills and memoirs give idea about "price of the issue" (heat of emotions, ambitions, financial losses).

[Treatment of children with blunt spleen injury throughout 25-year period in Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea].

Objective: This study examines methods of treatment of pediatric patients with blunt splenic injury (BSI) in medical institutions in the city of Sevastopol and the Republic of Crimea. The effectiveness of non-operative management (NOM) in patients with BSI of varying AAST injury grade was assessed and risk factors which could predict the need for operative management (OM) were identified.

Material And Methods: A two-center retrospective cohort study was performed, in which reviewed the medical records of children diagnosed with BSI between 1996 and 2023.

[The problem of quality of medications at Russian market (1992-2004). Report I. The control systems].

The archives of Ministry of Health of Russia, journal publications, interviews and memoirs testify that issue of quality of medications was key one in life of Russian Pharma in 1992-2004. The drug safety support considered not only as part of social policy, but also as rules that could be used to reformat"wild bazaar" into "controlled market". The media disputes, departmental justifications, political bills and memoirs give idea about "price of the issue" - tension of emotions, ambitions, financial losses.

[The metamorphoses of denationalization of 1993. Report II. The prices of medications as information].

In the history of Russian pharmaceutical market, the year of 1993 became the year of both formation of rules of market relations and alteration of market landscape for changed conditions. The significant segment of state centralized purchases moved under responsibility of regional authorities and their health authorities. At that, authorizations of former three state organizations occupied with import purchases were distributed between new state companies of the Ministry of Health Care and commercial organizations and firms that entered pharmaceutical market.

[The metamorphoses of denationalization of 1993. Report-I. The market fight for medications import].

In the history of the Russian pharmaceutical market the year of 1993 became the year of formation of rules of market relations and changing under them of market landscape. The significant segment of state-centralized purchases moved under responsibility of regional authorities and their health care authorities. At that, powers of three former state organizations being occupied with purchases of imported medications were distributed between new state companies of Ministry of Health and commercial organizations and firms that entered pharmaceutical market.

[The long 1992 in medicinal (non-)security of Russia. Report II. Market networks and institutes].

The year of 1992 is very important milestone in history of Russian pharmaceutical market. It began not in January 1922, but in December 1991, when the President and Government enactments to open free market for medications were promulgated. The advisers of B.

Efficacy of Olokizumab against Comorbid Depressive Disorder in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Preliminary Results of the Study.

Interleukin (IL) 6 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of depression comorbid with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and IL-6 inhibitors used to treat patients with RA may have an antidepressant effect. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Russian iIL-6 olokizumab (OKZ) in reducing symptoms of depression in patients with moderate/high RA activity. To date, 49 RA patients have been included, of which 43 (87.

[The long 1992 year in medicinal (non-)security of Russia. Report I. Market trial].

The year 1992 is an important landmark in the history of Russian pharmaceutical market. It began not in January, but in December 1991, when orders of the President and the Government to open free market of medications were promulgated. The Yeltsin advisers conceived that market economy was infallible means to combat medication shortages, corruption and bureaucratic monopoly.

[Magnetic foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract in pediatric practice].

Objective: To analyze the pediatric patients with multiple magnetic foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract undergoing surgical intervention; to present the treatment and diagnostic algorithm in pediatric practice; to compare surgical interventions for these lesions and determine the most optimal one.

Material And Methods: A retrospective single-center study included 9 patients diagnosed with multiple magnetic foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract. Exclusion criteria: outpatient cases and endoscopic removal of magnetic foreign bodies.

[The industrial landscape of Russian pharmaceutical industry in 2010-2018].

The article presents interim results of large-scale experiment on organization of pharmaceutical clusters in Russia in the 2010s. For the pharmaceutical industry, organization of clusters marked transition from spontaneous market to development of technological production complexes with full cycle of development, testing and production of medications. For the first time such first "star clusters" as the Kaluga, Yaroslavl and St.

[The temptation of Russian Pharma. Report III: new experiences and partners].

The series of articles considers history of implementation of government program of supplementary medications supply from point of view of conditions of development of pharmaceutical market conditions in Russia. The study was implemented on basis of interviews of pharmaceutical market participants and government administrators in 2020-2022 and specialized publications. The first experience of right interaction between pharmaceutical business and government in the implementation of social policy is analyzed.

[Government modernisation of the 'old' pharmaceutical business (2008-2011). Report 2. Pharmaceutical future and biosafety].

This series of articles is devoted to an analysis of the drug safety policy of the Russian Federation. The second communication focuses on the history of strategy development and choice of tactics for pharmaceutical industry modernisation, the spectrum of interests of the concept-makers and the contradictions between the approaches. Based on journal publications and oral interviews, the authors traced the process of creating a regulatory agreement between political authorities and professional groups on power sharing and management delegation after the recognition of the pharmaceutical market as an object of state security.

[Government modernisation of the 'old' pharmaceutical business (2008-2011). Report 1. Threats and security].

This series of articles analyses the drug safety policy of the Russian Federation. The first report reveals the reasons behind the government's dramatic turnaround in the pharmaceutical market and pharmaceutical industry, which emerged in 2007-2008. Based on publications, author interviews and unique protocol documents from the government archive, the logic and sequence of a new regulatory agreement between the pharmaceutical business and the Russian state are revealed.

[The temptation of Russian Pharma. Report II: The implementation of the program of additional medicinal support].

The second article in series of publications considering history of implementation of the government program of additional medication support from point of view of conditions of development of pharmaceutical market in Russia. The study is carried out on the basis both of interviews of participants of pharmaceutical market and state administrators and publications in specialized editions in 2020-2022. The first experience of close interaction of pharmaceutical business with government in implementation of social policy is analyzed.

[The temptation of Russian Pharma. Report I: The design of program of additional medicinal support of particular categories of citizen].

The series of articles is devoted to examination of history of implementing the Government program of supplementary medicinal support from the point of view of conditions of development of pharmaceutical market in Russia. The research is based both on the interviews with pharmaceutical market participants and government administrators organized in 2020-2022, and research publications in specialized editions. The first experience of close interaction between the pharmaceutical business and the Government in implementing social policy is analyzed.

[The Renaissance of Russian pharmaceutical market (2000-2004). Report III. The interests of consumers].

The article (the third one in author's series of historical studies of drug supply and pharmaceutical business) examines the period of economic renaissance of the Russian pharmaceutical market in the first years of the third millennium. The analysis of state of the market based on data from Russian analytical agencies, medical periodicals and recollections of participants is presented. The article consists of three reports.

[The Renaissance of Russian pharmaceutical market (2000-2004). Report II. The Pharma servants of Russia].

The article (the third one of authors cycle of historical studies of medication supply and pharmaceutical business) examines period of economic renaissance of the Russian pharmaceutical market in the first years of third millennium. The state of market according data of Russian analytical agencies, medical periodicals and recollections of participants is considered. The article consists of three reports.

New Nanosized Systems Doxorubicin-Amphiphilic Copolymers of -Vinylpyrrolidone and (Di)methacrylates with Antitumor Activity.

Nanosized systems of DOX with antitumor activity on the base of micelle-like particles of amphiphilic thermosensitive copolymers of -vinylpyrrolidone (VP) with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDM), and -vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylic acid (MAA) with TEGDM were explored. They were investigated in aqueous solutions by electron absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and cyclic voltammetry. Experimental data and quantum-chemical modeling indicated the formation of a hydrogen bond between oxygen-containing groups of monomer units of the copolymers and H-atoms of OH and NH groups of DOX; the energies and H-bond lengths in the considered structures were calculated.

[The Renaissance of Russian pharmaceutical market (2000-2004). Report I. The field players].

The article (third one out of author's cycle of historical studies of medicinal provision and pharmaceutical business) considers period of economic renaissance of Russian pharmaceutical market during the first five years of Third Millennium. The market conditions are analyzed according data of Russian analytical agencies, materials of medical periodicals and memories of participants. The article is composed of three reports.

[The 1998 default and the pharmaceutical market. Report 2: Predictions and Estimates].

In a series of articles, researchers analyze the significance of the 1998 default for the development of the pharmaceutical industry and for the fates of pharmaceutical market participants. The second communication presents the results of an analysis of predictive statements and the collective memory of representatives of the pharmaceutical community. The analysis was carried out on the basis of the interviews published in pharmaceutical publications and taken by the authors of the article during 2019-2021.

A rapid synthesis of nanofibrillar cellulose/polystyrene composite via ultrasonic treatment.

A new method of the synthesis of nanofibrillar cellulose/polystyrene composite based on ultrasonic treatment of styrene emulsion in cellulose-water solution was elaborated. A new approach does not require additional heating and proposes a significantly faster synthesis (15 min, 45 °C) of the target composite compared to the methods described previously. A comprehensive analysis did not reveal any significant differences between mechanical, physical and biodegradable properties of the composite obtained by ultrasonic method and that one obtained by conventional thermal method, which requires much higher temperature (above 75 °C) and reaction duration (from 3 h).

The default of 1998 and pharmaceutical market. Report I. The chronicle of disaster.

The researchers, in series of articles, analyze significance of the default of 1998 for both pharmaceutical industry and participants of pharmaceutical market. The Report I presents results of investigation of corresponding economic and social aspects of issue. The article presents contradictions in tax and financial policies of then ruling authorities; regulatory drawbacks created by inefficient awareness of economic situation and social specificity of pharmaceutics; means for pharmaceutical companies to survive in these conditions.

[The Russian pharmaceutical industry in 1990s. Report III. Insider vision].

The third report, which is a continuation of article on the Russian pharmaceutical branch in the 1990s, analyses corresponding conceptions of internal observers (participators of production and distribution of medications), including their assessments of normality of emerging market. The conclusion is made that the Russian pharmaceutical market grew from chaos that resulted from wreckage of the Soviet medication supply system in 1994-1998. The general dominance of generics over patented medications, distributors over manufacturers, weak interest of state authorities to long-term cooperation with pharmaceutics for the sake of development of own national production, low legal culture were generic characteristics of its infrastructure.

[The Russian pharmaceutical branch in 1990s. Report II. The optics of external observers].

The article proceeds to explore history of the pharmaceutical branch in the 1990s. The changes in system of medicinal supply in Russia are demonstrated through infrastructural transformations and their assessment by political figures and regulators of pharmaceutical market.

[The Russian pharmaceutical branch in 1990s. Report 1. From the Soviet to the market].

The article opens series of publications devoted to the history of occurrence of pharmaceutical market in Russia. The specifics of medication supply system in the Soviet period, circumstances of its deconstruction in early 1990s and modes of overcoming medication scarcity in 1993-1994 are considered. The authors compared publicly available digital data of 1990s documenting state of pharmaceutical branch, with testimonies of pharmaceutical market participants, their speculations on its state and conceptions about its normativity.