Using large language models for extracting and pre-annotating texts on mental health from noisy data in a low-resource language.

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have opened new possibilities for developing conversational agents (CAs) in various subfields of mental healthcare. However, this progress is hindered by limited access to high-quality training data, often due to privacy concerns and high annotation costs for low-resource languages. A potential solution is to create human-AI annotation systems that utilize extensive public domain user-to-user and user-to-professional discussions on social media.

Random forests with parametric entropy-based information gains for classification and regression problems.

The random forest algorithm is one of the most popular and commonly used algorithms for classification and regression tasks. It combines the output of multiple decision trees to form a single result. Random forest algorithms demonstrate the highest accuracy on tabular data compared to other algorithms in various applications.

Topic models with elements of neural networks: investigation of stability, coherence, and determining the optimal number of topics.

Topic modeling is a widely used instrument for the analysis of large text collections. In the last few years, neural topic models and models with word embeddings have been proposed to increase the quality of topic solutions. However, these models were not extensively tested in terms of stability and interpretability.

Analysis and tuning of hierarchical topic models based on Renyi entropy approach.

Hierarchical topic modeling is a potentially powerful instrument for determining topical structures of text collections that additionally allows constructing a hierarchy representing the levels of topic abstractness. However, parameter optimization in hierarchical models, which includes finding an appropriate number of topics at each level of hierarchy, remains a challenging task. In this paper, we propose an approach based on Renyi entropy as a partial solution to the above problem.

Renormalization Analysis of Topic Models.

In practice, to build a machine learning model of big data, one needs to tune model parameters. The process of parameter tuning involves extremely time-consuming and computationally expensive grid search. However, the theory of statistical physics provides techniques allowing us to optimize this process.

Analyzing the Influence of Hyper-parameters and Regularizers of Topic Modeling in Terms of Renyi Entropy.

Topic modeling is a popular technique for clustering large collections of text documents. A variety of different types of regularization is implemented in topic modeling. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for analyzing the influence of different regularization types on results of topic modeling.

Formation of Microfiltration Membranes from PMP/PIB Blends: Effect of PIB Molecular Weight on Membrane Properties.

A series of microfiltration membranes were fabricated by the extraction of polyisobutylene (PIB) from its immiscible blends with polymethylpentene (PMP). Three PIB with different molecular weight of 7.5 × 10 (Oppanol B15), 34 × 10 (Oppanol B50) and 110 × 10 (Oppanol B100) g/mol, respectively, were used to evaluate the effect of molecular weight on the porous structure and transport properties of resulting PMP-based membranes.

[Surgical treatment strategy for common peritonitis in the elderly patients.].

Despite the obvious progress in the treatment of secondary peritonitis common forms, the results are far from satisfactory, especially among patients of older age groups. In some cases, a single surgical intervention is not enough for a complete elimination of the intra-abdominal infection source, which leads to repeated sanitation interventions, the order and timing of which are currently not strictly regulated. The effectiveness of the treatment algorithm, which considers a differentiated approach to planned surgical interventions in a short time in patients with severe pathomorphological changes in the abdominal cavity, was studied.

Estimating Topic Modeling Performance with Sharma-Mittal Entropy.

Topic modeling is a popular approach for clustering text documents. However, current tools have a number of unsolved problems such as instability and a lack of criteria for selecting the values of model parameters. In this work, we propose a method to solve partially the problems of optimizing model parameters, simultaneously accounting for semantic stability.

Computer navigation helps achieving appropriate gap balancing and restoration of alignment in total knee arthroplasty for fixed valgus knee osteoarthritis irrespective of the surgical approach.

The aim of this study was to describe the deformity of both bone and soft tissues in valgus knees and attempt, with the help of computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty (CAS-TKA), to answer the question whether a medial or lateral approach should be used in a fixed deformity. This was a prospective study of 52 consecutive patients with valgus knee osteoarthritis (OA) on who CAS-TKA was performed between 2008 and 2012. Only patients (N = 42) with valgus deformity Krackow type II and III were included for detailed analysis: 17 were operated utilizing a medial and 25 using a lateral approach.

[Indications and surgical results of chronic colostasis treatment].

Aim: To define the surgical indications in patients with chronic colostasis who were operated using original technique and to access obtained results.

Material And Methods: It was analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 81 patients with chronic colostasis in remote postoperative period. We have proved that extended left-sided hemicolectomy with rectosigmoid resection, positive mesentery root rotation and transposition of right large bowel to left part of abdominal cavity, creation of new ligamentary apparatus provide favourable remote results and increase life's quality of operated patients.

Direct access to 6/5/7/5- and 6/7/5/5-fused tetracyclic triterpenoids via divergent transannular aldol reaction of lanosterol-derived diketone.

In an effort to access biologically relevant chemical space, a complex natural product derived nonsymmetrical diketone was prepared as a substrate for divergent transannular aldol reactions. The use of common aldol conditions resulted in predominant syn-addition via pathway a, while the use of alumina provided access to the anti-adduct. Screening of a range of Lewis acids of varying strength unexpectedly resulted in the formation of aldol products with 6/7/5/5-fused molecular skeleton via pathway b.

Approach for expanding triterpenoid complexity via divergent Norrish-Yang photocyclization.

Triterpenoids comprise a very diverse family of polycyclic molecules that is well-known to possess a myriad of medicinal properties. Therefore, triterpenoids constitute an attractive target for medicinal chemistry and diversity-oriented synthesis. Photochemical transformations provide a promising tool for the rapid, green, and inexpensive generation of skeletal diversity in the construction of natural product-like libraries.

Molecular library synthesis using complex substrates: expanding the framework of triterpenoids.

The remodeling of a natural product core framework by means of diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) is a valuable approach to access diverse/biologically relevant chemical space and to overcome the limitations of combinatorial-type compounds. Here we provide proof of principle and a thorough conformational analysis for a general strategy whereby the inherent complexity of a starting material is used to define the regio- and stereochemical outcomes of reactions in chemical library construction. This is in contrast to the traditional DOS logic employing reaction development and catalysis to drive library diversity.

Branch-selective synthesis of oxindole and indene scaffolds: transition metal-controlled intramolecular aryl amidation leading to c3 reverse-prenylated oxindoles.

In an effort to access biologically important scaffolds, a concise branch-selective synthesis of C3 tertiary oxindoles by Cu(I)-catalyzed aryl amidation and 2,2-dimethyl indene by Pd(0)-catalyzed Heck cyclization has been accomplished from acyclic reverse-prenylated intermediates. Oxindole C3-enolate generation using NaH followed by alkylation in the presence of appropriate electrophiles provides a novel route to quaternary C3 reverse-prenylated oxindoles.

Gender differences in views about cognitive health and healthy lifestyle behaviors among rural older adults.

Purpose: Research suggests that men and women often differ in knowledge and beliefs about causes and treatments of a variety of diseases. This study examines gender differences in views about cognitive health and behaviors that have been associated with its maintenance, focusing on older adults living in rural areas.

Design And Methods: We conducted 6 focus groups in rural West Virginia.

[Acute tumorous obstruction of the colon in elderly and senile patients].

The authors present the results of surgical treatment of 106 elderly and senile patients. In 30 patients admitted in a extremely severe condition the acute intestinal obstruction was combined with peritonitis. Postoperative mortality in this group of patients was 86.

Synthesis of photochromic 1,2-dihetarylethene using regioselective acylation of thienopyrroles.

[formula: see text] The influence of catalysts, acid chlorides, and solvents in the acylation of methyl 2-methyl-4H-thieno[3,2-b]pyrrole-5-carboxylate was studied. Conditions for the regioselective acylation processes were found. Thienopyrrole-based photochrome was synthesized for the first time.

[Damage to erythrocytes caused by the interaction of nitrite-ions with hemoglobin].

The formation of two hemoglobin forms (methemoglobin and nitrite methemoglobin) in native human erythrocytes in the presence of sodium nitrite in suspension was shown. In normal erythrocytes, the interaction of intracellular oxyhemoglobin with nitrite ions results in the formation of methemoglobin, whereas in metabolically exhausted erythrocytes, this leads predominantly to the formation of nitrite methemoglobin. The nitrite methemoglobin reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form reactive intermediates (e.

[Thermal stability and functional properties of human hemoglobin in the presence of aliphatic alcohols].

Differential scanning microcalorimetry was used to study thermal stability of the ferro- and ferriforms of hemoglobin at pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer and in buffer mixtures of methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol. Denaturation of the human hemoglobin molecule composed of four subunits was cooperative transition.

[The clinico-laboratory characteristics of errors in the diagnosis of chronic gastritis].

The authors analyze results of a study of 100 patients with chronic gastritis showing secretory insufficiency with a dubious diagnosis. Endoscopy and intragastric pH-metry were used. The diagnosis of chronic gastritis was confirmed in 35 patients and of them with secretory insufficiency only in 21 patients that evidences inadequate attention to the complaints, anamnesis, incomplete examination and use of laboratory and other data.