Seed Treatment with Salicylic Acid Increases Gene Expression and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Wheat Plants in Zinc or Copper Deficiency.

The effect of wheat seed treatment with salicylic acid (SA) on expression of the TaCu/ZnSOD, TaFeSOD, and TaCAT2 genes and activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in leaves was studied at optimal contents of zinc (2 µM) and copper (0.3 µM) in the root environment and in zinc and copper deficiencies. Seed treatment with SA was for the first time shown to increase of the amount of transcripts of the above genes as compared with untreated plants, both in optimal conditions and in zinc or copper deficiency.

Observation of a single protein by ultrafast X-ray diffraction.

The idea of using ultrashort X-ray pulses to obtain images of single proteins frozen in time has fascinated and inspired many. It was one of the arguments for building X-ray free-electron lasers. According to theory, the extremely intense pulses provide sufficient signal to dispense with using crystals as an amplifier, and the ultrashort pulse duration permits capturing the diffraction data before the sample inevitably explodes.

Effect of Seed Treatment with Salicylic Acid on the Carbonic Anhydrase Activity, Photosynthesis Rate, Stomatal Conductance, and Pigments Content in Wheat Leaves at Zinc Excess.

The effect of seed treatment with salicylic acid (SA) on the carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and pigment content in wheat leaves was studied at an optimal zinc content (2 μM) and zinc excess (1500 μM). It was shown for the first time that the CA activity and stomatal conductance increased upon seed treatment with SA at the optimal zinc content as compared with untreated plants, while the photosynthesis rate was not affected. When zinc was in excess in the root zone, seed treatment with SA decreased the CA activity to a greater extent, but the photosynthesis rate was higher than in untreated plants, apparently due to an increase in the contents of chlorophylls and carotenoids and stomatal conductivity.

KMnO(OH)(VO)(VO) with Sawtooth Chains of Multivalent Manganese Triangular Trimer Units: Magnetic Susceptibility Shrouding a Long-Range Antiferromagnetic Order of Ferromagnetic Triangles.

-Pyrovanadate (or -diorthovanadate) KMnMnO(OH)(VO)(VO) synthesized hydrothermally crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group with = 17.9155(5), = 5.8940(2), = 10.

The HMA2 Gene Expression in Leaves of Introgressive Wheat Lines under Zn Optimum and Deficiency Content in Root Environment.

In two introgressive lines of bread wheat (15-7-1 and 15-7-2), which differ in the allelic status of the Gpc-B1 gene, the expression of the gene encoding the HMA2 transport protein in flag leaves under optimum Zn content in substrate (2 µМ) and in its deficiency (0 µМ) was investigated. This is the first study to show that the plants carrying functional allele of the Gpc-В1 gene (line 15-7-1) have a higher level of TaHMA2 transcripts than the plants with nonfunctional allele of the Gpc-В1 gene (line 15-7-2) both at optimum Zn content in substrate and at its deficiency. Importantly, the high TaHMA2 gene expression did not affect the wheat shoot growth but correlated with a high Zn concentration in the aboveground part of plants.

Classification of diffraction patterns using a convolutional neural network in single-particle-imaging experiments performed at X-ray free-electron lasers.

Single particle imaging (SPI) at X-ray free-electron lasers is particularly well suited to determining the 3D structure of particles at room temperature. For a successful reconstruction, diffraction patterns originating from a single hit must be isolated from a large number of acquired patterns. It is proposed that this task could be formulated as an image-classification problem and solved using convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures.

Synthetic Image Rendering Solves Annotation Problem in Deep Learning Nanoparticle Segmentation.

Nanoparticles occur in various environments as a consequence of man-made processes, which raises concerns about their impact on the environment and human health. To allow for proper risk assessment, a precise and statistically relevant analysis of particle characteristics (such as size, shape, and composition) is required that would greatly benefit from automated image analysis procedures. While deep learning shows impressive results in object detection tasks, its applicability is limited by the amount of representative, experimentally collected and manually annotated training data.

High spatial coherence and short pulse duration revealed by the Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry at the European XFEL.

Second-order intensity interferometry was employed to study the spatial and temporal properties of the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL). Measurements were performed at the soft x-ray Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE3) undulator beamline at a photon energy of 1.2 keV in the Self-Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) mode.

Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate Improves Cold Tolerance with Parallel Induction of Two Cold-Regulated () Genes Expression in L.

Methyl jasmonate (MJ) is an important plant growth regulator that plays a key role in tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, the effects of exogenous MJ on cold tolerance, photosynthesis, activity and gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, proline accumulation, and expression of cold-regulated () genes in wheat seedlings under low temperature (4 °C) were investigated. Exogenous MJ treatment (1 µM) promoted wheat cold tolerance before and during cold exposure.

Correction: Exploring the 3D structure and defects of a self-assembled gold mesocrystal by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging.

Correction for 'Exploring the 3D structure and defects of a self-assembled gold mesocrystal by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging' by Jerome Carnis et al., Nanoscale, 2021, DOI: 10.1039/D1NR01806J.

Exploring the 3D structure and defects of a self-assembled gold mesocrystal by coherent X-ray diffraction imaging.

Mesocrystals are nanostructured materials consisting of individual nanocrystals having a preferred crystallographic orientation. On mesoscopic length scales, the properties of mesocrystals are strongly affected by structural heterogeneity. Here, we report the detailed structural characterization of a faceted mesocrystal grain self-assembled from 60 nm sized gold nanocubes.

ROS networks: designs, aging, Parkinson's disease and precision therapies.

How the network around ROS protects against oxidative stress and Parkinson's disease (PD), and how processes at the minutes timescale cause disease and aging after decades, remains enigmatic. Challenging whether the ROS network is as complex as it seems, we built a fairly comprehensive version thereof which we disentangled into a hierarchy of only five simpler subnetworks each delivering one type of robustness. The comprehensive dynamic model described in vitro data sets from two independent laboratories.

Structure-Transport Correlation Reveals Anisotropic Charge Transport in Coupled PbS Nanocrystal Superlattices.

The assembly of colloidal semiconductive nanocrystals into highly ordered superlattices predicts novel structure-related properties by design. However, those structure-property relationships, such as charge transport depending on the structure or even directions of the superlattice, have remained unrevealed so far. Here, electric transport measurements and X-ray nanodiffraction are performed on self-assembled lead sulfide nanocrystal superlattices to investigate direction-dependent charge carrier transport in microscopic domains of these materials.

[Mechanisms of spliceosomal introns loss and gain].

Introns are non-coding sequences within the genes. They seemed to be just "junk" DNA, although currently are considered as important genetic elements influencing the genome functions, as they increase the diversity of transcriptome and proteome, perform regulatory activities in the cell, affect gene expression, mRNA processing, degradation and translation. Based on the mechanism of their excision, introns were classified into three main categories: spliceosomal, self-splicing and tRNA introns.

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Expression of Wcs Genes and the Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes at Wheat Cold Adaptation.

We studied the effect of phytohormone methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the expression of WCS (wheat cold specific) family genes and the activity of the key antioxidant enzymes in wheat seedling leaves at a low hardening temperature (4°C). Incubation at 4°C induced an increase in the cold tolerance of seedlings, which was accompanied by an increase in the levels of transcripts of WCS120 and WCS19 genes as well as an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PO). The pretreatment of seedlings with MJ significantly increased the mRNA content of WCS120 and WCS19 genes and, at the same time, caused an increase in the activity of SOD and PO, thus contributing to further increase in the cold tolerance of the plants (i.

The abscisic acid influence on the gene expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins in the leaves of cucumber plants at low temperatures.

We studied the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the expression of genes encoding the functional homologues of proapoptotic (CsBAX) and antiapoptotic (CsBI-1) proteins in cucumber leaves at low temperatures. The exposure to a hardening temperature of 12°C caused a slight increase in the level of CsBAX gene transcript and a sharp increase in the CsBI-1 gene transcript. At a damaging temperature of 4°C, the content of the CsBAX gene mRNA significantly increased, whereas the content of the CsBI-1 gene mRNA remained virtually unchanged.

[Changes in cognitive functions in patients with occlusive lesions of brachiocephalic arteries after reconstructive surgery on carotid arteries].

Seventy-six patients after the reconstructive surgery on carotid arteries underwent neuropsychological testing with the MMSE, the FAB, the Clock Drawing Test at baseline and 8-10 days and 3 months after the surgery. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: 20 patients with predominant lesions of one internal carotid artery (group 1), 22 patients with bilateral carotid stenosis (group 2) and 34 patients with the combination of lesions of carotid and vertebrobasilar system (group 3). The association between the rate of spreading of atherosclerotic processes in cerebral vessels and cognitive disorders was shown.

Design of bicyclic and cage boron compounds based on allylboration of acetylenes with allyldichloroboranes.

Allylboration of acetylenes with allyldichloroboranes has been proposed as a first step of allylboron-acetylene condensation and a way to design condensation products from stage to stage. The chemistry has been applied to the synthesis of isomeric 3-borabicyclo[3.3.

Effect of microgravity on the implementation of conditioned reflex skills of rhesus monkeys.

The success of two monkeys in performing an eye-head-hand coordination task was investigated during the Bion 11 flight. In comparison to the ground controls, it took the flight monkeys more time to reach the light stimuli located at 40 degrees to the left or right from the center of the panel in front of them. During flight days (FD) 5-6, the precision of hand movements deteriorated, and during FD 7-14, it improved, although the performance time increased.

Behavior and performance of rhesus monkeys during Bion 11 flight.

Study of behavior and performance patterns of two Bion 11 monkeys showed that they adapted to the space environment at a different rate. Inflight, both animals successfully performed eye-head-hand coordination tasks (Program 1) and failed to complete foot pedal tasks (Program 2), although they were successful in performing Program 2 before and immediately after flight.

[Instenon in the treatment of acute disorders of the cerebral circulation].

Effectiveness of Instenon (Alkaloid Pharm. Co.), the preparation, containing hexobendin, hydroxytheophyllin, etamivan was investigated in treatment of patients with acute cerebrovascular disorders.

Structure of the sugar-phosphate moiety of lipid A from lipooligosaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group B, strain BC5S No. 125. Hydrolytic stability of phosphate and pyrophosphate substituents.

On the basis of chemical and NMR data the partial structure of lipid A from lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of Neisseria meningitidis group B, strain BC5S No 125 was established. Lipid A consisted of disaccharide 2-deoxy-6-O-[2-deoxy-2-(3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino)- beta-gluco-pyranosyl]-2-(3-hydroxytetradecanoylamino)- alpha-glucopyranose carrying the beta-(2-aminoethyl)pyrophosphate residue at 0-4' and the pyrophosphate or phosphate residue at 0-1. On hydrolysis of the acidic form of LOS with 1% acetic acid the substituent at 0-1 was practically completely removed whereas that at 0-4' was stable.

[The structure of a repetitive unit of the glycerolphosphate- containing O-specific polysaccharide chain from Yersinia kristensenii strain 103 (0:12,26) lipopolysaccharide].

Mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia kristensenii strain 103 (0:12.26) afforded teichoic acid-like polysaccharide. From the results of methylation, dephosphorylation, partial Smyth degradation, and 13C and 31P NMR data the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was deduced as follows: [formula: see text] The structure was confirmed by complete interpretation of polysaccharide 13C NMR spectrum.