Evolution of HCV associated porphyria cutanea tarda after HCV sustained virologic response by direct acting antivirals.

Objectives: Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is common and usually associated with HCV chronic infection and HFE polymorphisms. Since DAA IFN-free regimens availability, SVR for HCV is nearly a constant and we wonder whether HCV SVR determine PCT evolution.

Methods: Retrospective observational study including patients with HCV associated PCT from the Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Departments at our Hospital, treated with DAA (Apr/2015-Apr/2017).

Dynamics of creatinine estimated glomerular filtration rate using one or more antiretrovirals that inhibit creatinine tubular secretion.

Background: Cobicistat, dolutegravir and rilpivirine are all modest inhibitors of proximal tubular creatinine secretion (IPTCrS) and hence a moderate and early non-progressive creatinine estimated glomerular filtration rate (Cr-eGFR) reduction has been observed in clinical trials. Data regarding the impact of combination of those drugs on Cr-eGFR, in the clinical practice, are scarcely known.

Methods: Changes in Cr-eGFR after starting darunavir/cobicistat alone or in combination with dolutegravir and/or rilpivirine were studied in a nationwide retrospective cohort study of consecutive HIV-infected patients initiating darunavir/cobicistat.

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in HIV-Infected Patients: Usefulness for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment.

Background: There is a lack of consensus regarding the risk of hypertension in HIV-infected patients compared to the general population. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the most accurate method for the hypertension diagnosis. Nevertheless, it is rarely used in HIV clinical care.

Higher relapse rate among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients receiving sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for 8 vs 12 weeks.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (SOF/LDV) for 8 weeks (SL8) versus a 12-week course of SOF/LDV (SL12) among HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in clinical practice. In addition we compared sustained virological response (SVR) rates achieved with SL8 in HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients in a real life setting.

Methods: HCV-infected patients were retrospectively selected from the HEPAVIR-DAA and GEHEP-MONO real-life prospective cohorts if they fulfilled the following criteria: 1) Infected with genotype 1; 2) Treatment with SL8 or SL12; 3) Treatment naïve prior to receiving SL8 or SL12; 4) Absence of cirrhosis; 5) Baseline HCV RNA<6 × 10 IU/mL; 6) Reached the scheduled time-point for SVR (SVR12) assessment.

[Prevalence of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection in an emergency department and the characteristics of newly diagnosed patients].

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected by routine testing of patients seeking care in an emergency department and to describe the characteristics associated with new HIV-infection diagnosis.

Material And Methods: Walk-in patients between the ages of 15 and 75 years who required a blood test were included. Routine fourth-generation enzyme-linked immunoassays were performed to detect HIV infection in all samples extracted.

HIV-coinfected patients respond worse to direct-acting antiviral-based therapy against chronic hepatitis C in real life than HCV-monoinfected individuals: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: HIV/HCV-coinfected patients and hepatitis C virus (HCV) monoinfected subjects are thought to respond equally to direct-acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapy despite the lack of data derived from clinical trials. This study is aimed to evaluate the impact of HIV coinfection on the response to DAA-based treatment against HCV infection in the clinical practice.

Patients And Methods: In a prospective multicohort study, patients who initiated DAA-based therapy at the Infectious Disease Units of 33 hospitals throughout Spain were included.

Boceprevir or Telaprevir Based Triple Therapy against Chronic Hepatitis C in HIV Coinfection: Real-Life Safety and Efficacy.

Background And Aims: Clinical trials of therapy against chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection including boceprevir (BOC) or telaprevir (TVR) plus pegylated interferon and ribavirin (PR) have reported considerably higher response rates than those achieved with PR alone. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of triple therapy including BOC or TVR in combination with PR in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients under real-life conditions.

Methods: In a multicentre study conducted in 24 sites throughout five European countries, all HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who initiated a combination of BOC or TVR plus PR and who had at least 60 weeks of follow-up, were analyzed.

[Barriers to ART initiation in HIV infected subjects and with treatment indication in Spain. Why don't they start their treatment? Bridgap Study].

Introduction: In Spain, HIV treatment guidelines are well known and generally followed. However, in some patients there are no plans to initiate ART despite having treatment indications. The current barriers to ART initiation are presented.

Impact of IL28B genotype on first-week response to telaprevir-based therapy in HIV-HCV coinfection.

Background: IL28B genotype predicts response to treatment against HCV with pegylated interferon/ribavirin (PR) and impacts on the outcome of therapy including telaprevir (TVR). This study aimed to determine the influence of the favourable IL28B genotype on early viral kinetics during therapy with TVR/PR in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients.

Methods: All HIV-HCV genotype 1 coinfected subjects who received TVR/PR for at least 4 weeks were included from populations prospectively followed in 22 centres throughout Germany, Switzerland and Spain.

[Pharmacokinetic interactions].

Rilpivirine (RPV) is a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that has been approved for use in treatment-naïve patients and which has potent antiviral activity. Its adverse effects profile differs from that of first-generation NNRTs. The pharmacological interactions produced by RPV are due to its effects on the CYP450 system; RPV is a substrate and mild inducer of CYP3A4.

Benefits from sustained virologic response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients with compensated cirrhosis.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of sustained virologic response (SVR) to pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) on the incidence of liver-related complications and overall mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with compensated hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis.

Methods: We included in this prospective cohort study 166 coinfected patients with compensated cirrhosis, who received peg-IFN plus RBV, to assess the time from the starting date of HCV therapy to the first hepatic decompensation and death due to any cause.

Results: SVR was observed in 43 (25%) individuals.

Response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin among HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients with compensated liver cirrhosis.

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related compensated liver cirrhosis, as well as the predictors of response in these individuals.

Methods: All subjects enrolled in a prospective cohort of 841 HIV/HCV-coinfected patients who received peg-IFN and RBV and who had a liver biopsy or a liver stiffness measurement within the year before starting peg-IFN plus RBV were included in this study. The sustained virologic response (SVR) rate and predictors of SVR response were analyzed.

Hepatitis C virus genotype 4 responds better to pegylated interferon with ribavirin than genotype 1 in HIV-infected patients.

We assess the efficacy of pegylated interferon (peg-IFN) with ribavirin (RBV) and the predictors of sustained virological response (SVR) among HIV/hepatitis C virus genotype 4 (HCV-4)-coinfected patients. Thirty-nine (31.5%) of 124 individuals with HCV-4 achieved SVR compared with 103 (22.

Liver toxicity associated with antiretroviral therapy including efavirenz or ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors in a cohort of HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients.

Objectives: To compare the frequency of grade 3 or 4 transaminase elevations (TEs) in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected patients who started a three-antiretroviral drug regimen including efavirenz or a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI/r) and the influence of pre-existing significant hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis.

Patients And Methods: All pre-treated or treatment-naive HIV/HCV co-infected patients who started an antiretroviral regimen including two nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors along with efavirenz or a PI/r in seven Spanish centres from January 2007 to December 2009 were included in this prospective study.

Results: Of 262 patients included in this study, 76 (29%) individuals began antiretroviral therapy (ART) including efavirenz and 186 (71%) a PI/r-based combination.

[Etravirine in special populations].

The choice of antiretroviral treatment in comorbidities requires thorough knowledge of the interactions, pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of the drug to be used. Most drugs carry some risk in certain processes associated or not with HIV infection and drugs that can be used in these situations are of great interest. The development of etravirine, a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, will allow its use in these processes, with a lower risk of secondary effects and therefore of worsening the course of the disease and of treatment withdrawal.

Efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV and hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients with advanced immunosuppression.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon (IFN) plus ribavirin (RBV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients with severe immunodeficiency in a clinical cohort. BACKGROUND. A total of 542 HIV-infected patients receiving treatment with pegylated IFN plus RBV from June 2001 through April 2007 were included in this study.

Insulin resistance is not a relevant predictor of sustained virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in HIV/HCV co-infected patients.

Background/aims: To evaluate the possible influence of baseline insulin resistance in sustained virological response.

Methods: One hundred and fifty-five consecutive individuals from a multicentric cohort of HIV/HCV co-infected patients who underwent therapy with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin were included. The main outcome variable was sustained virological response, defined as undetectable plasma HCV RNA at week 24 after the end of the therapy.

[Management of renal toxicity in HIV-positive patients. What to measure, how to measure it and how frequently].

Chronic kidney disease in patients with HIV is being recognized as one of the most frequent comorbidities of this disease and consequently much research is currently being performed in this area. The possible manifestations are highly varied and consequently a high index of suspicion is required. Appropriate investigations should be performed from the moment patients first seek care to rule out renal disease and to prevent worsening, with the diagnostic or therapeutic measures that may subsequently be required.

Efficacy of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment in HIV/hepatitis C virus co-infected patients receiving abacavir plus lamivudine or tenofovir plus either lamivudine or emtricitabine as nucleoside analogue backbone.

Objectives: To compare the response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV co-infected patients receiving a nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitor [N(t)RTI] backbone consisting of abacavir plus lamivudine with that observed in subjects who receive tenofovir plus lamivudine or emtricitabine.

Methods: A total of 256 subjects, enrolled in a cohort of 948 HIV-infected patients who received pegylated interferon and ribavirin from October 2001 to January 2006, were included in this study. All patients were taking one protease inhibitor or one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and abacavir plus lamivudine or tenofovir plus lamivudine or emtricitabine as N(t)RTI backbone during HCV therapy.

Influence of concomitant antiretroviral therapy on the rate of sustained virological response to pegylated interferon plus ribavirin in hepatitis C virus/HIV-coinfected patients.

Objectives: To investigate whether concomitant antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a predictor of sustained virological response (SVR) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin.

Methods: Three hundred and ten HIV/HCV-coinfected patients on pegylated interferon plus ribavirin treatment, 258 of them with concurrent ART, were included in this retrospective multicentre study. The predictors of SVR were evaluated.

[Spanish cohort of naïve HIV-infected patients (CoRIS): rationale, organization and initial results].

Objective: To describe the methodology and baseline results of the Spanish cohort of naïve HIV-infected patients included in the Research Network on HIV/AIDS (CoRIS).

Methods: CoRIS is a multicenter, hospital-based prospective cohort of HIV sero-prevalent, retroviral-naïve subjects, over 13 years old, and seen at 17 hospitals in 8 of the 17 Autonomous Regions in Spain from January 2004 to October 2005. The socio-demographic characteristics, as well as epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and treatment data were recorded, and biological samples were collected at baseline and during follow-up.