Analysis of the Predictive Capacity of the Clinical Variables That Indicate the Performance of Voiding Urosonography in the Study of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children.

Introduction: Voiding urosonography (VUS) is a dynamic imaging technique which evaluates the lower urinary tract by introducing sonographic contrast into the bladder, preferably used in the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Our goals were to describe the clinical indications for performing a VUS for VUR's diagnosis and analyse its diagnostic reliability.

Material And Methods: Cross-sectional study carried on patients under 15 years old with a VUS taken between November 2013-2020.

Enuresis: clinical evolution of patients attended at specialized unit of paediatric urology.

Objective: To analyse the clinical evolution, the therapeutic strategies and the characteristics of the patients presenting enuresis attended at our outpatient clinic.

Material And Methods: Retrospective study of patients <14 years old(yo) diagnosed of enuresis attended at our outpatient clinic (2011-2019) and completed their follow-up (remission or aged 15). Urotherapy was offered to all patients as initial management.

Eighteen years of experience with pediatric nutcracker syndrome: the importance of the conservative approach.

Introduction: Nutcracker syndrome (NS) defines an entity generated by the compression of the left renal vein resulting in venous hypertension, which transmitted in a retrograde direction may cause hematuria, proteinuria, and varicocele. The literature concerning exclusively pediatric patients is very rare.

Objective: To report the authors' experience with pediatric NS in the last 18 years.

Endoscopic Cauterization with Pneumatic Distension for Piriform Fossa Sinus Tracts.

Introduction: Piriform fossa sinus tracts (PFSTs) are a cause of recurrent neck infections in the pediatric population. Conventional management required open resection, but over the last years minimally invasive approaches have been reported in an attempt to endoscopically obliterate the PFST, using different methods such as electrocautery, laser, trichloroacetic acid, or silver nitrate.

Materials And Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of the medical records of 12 children (aged 4 months to 14 years) with PFSTs treated with endoscopic sclerosis with diathermy (ESD) between 2010 and 2016 at a tertiary care children's hospital.