The Concentration of Liver-Expressed Antimicrobial Peptide 2 in Human Milk and Infant Plasma Is Positively Associated with Adiposity and Body Weight in the First Year of Life.

Background: The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a recently recognized anorectic and glucose-regulating hormone with an unknown role in lactation.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) to assess LEAP2 presence in human milk and putative associations with infant body weight and adiposity in the first year of life, 2) to evaluate the impact of maternal weight status on LEAP2 concentration, and 3) to explore the relationship between infant plasma LEAP2 concentration and body weight and adiposity.

Methods: This prospective cohort observational study assessed LEAP2 concentration in plasma and milk from lactating women with normal weight (n = 26) or overweight or obesity (OW/OB, n = 26) at 6 mo postpartum and in 6-mo-old infant plasma, examining associations with metabolic and anthropometric variables at 6 mo and 1 y.

Pre-prandial plasma liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) concentration in humans is inversely associated with hunger sensation in a ghrelin independent manner.

Purpose: The liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a newly recognized peptide hormone that acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) blunting the effects of ghrelin and displaying ghrelin-independent actions. Since the implications of LEAP2 are beginning to be elucidated, we investigated if plasma LEAP2 concentration varies with feeding status or sex and whether it is associated with glucose metabolism and appetite sensations.

Methods: We performed a single test meal study, in which plasma concentrations of LEAP2, ghrelin, insulin and glucose as well as visual analogue scales for hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption, fullness were assessed before and 60 min after breakfast in 44 participants (n = 21 females) with normal weight (NW) or overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Leptin receptor expression in blood mononuclear cells of lactating women is associated with infant body weight: Potential role as a molecular biomarker.

Background: Molecular biomarkers of maternal leptin resistance associated with infant weight are needed.

Objectives: To evaluate gene expression of leptin receptor (LEPR), suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) and insulin receptor in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of lactating women and their relationship with infant body weight and adiposity.

Methods: At day 10 postpartum, maternal gene expression in PBMCs as well as leptin and insulin concentrations in plasma and milk were assessed (n = 68).

Real world safety of methoxyflurane analgesia in the emergency setting: a comparative hybrid prospective-retrospective post-authorisation safety study.

Background: Low-dose analgesic methoxyflurane (Penthrox) was approved in Europe for emergency relief of moderate to severe pain in conscious adults with trauma in 2015. A comparative post-authorisation safety study (PASS) was conducted to assess the risk of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity with methoxyflurane during routine clinical practice.

Methods: This was a comparative hybrid prospective-retrospective cohort study.

Exploring factors associated with obesity in Argentinian children using structural equation modeling.

Habits and behaviors related to obesity risk are strongly associated with the family environment and are affected by socioeconomic factors. Structural equation modeling (SEM) allows us to hypothesize on how the relationships between these factors occur and measure their impact. This study aimed to explore the relationship between family socioeconomic indicators and childhood obesity, mediated by habits linked to energy balance, applying a SEM.

[Integrated mother-child care. Effects on adherence and knowledge of contraceptive methods].

Introduction: Scientific evidence suggests that mother-child joint care strategies would facilitate knowledge of contraceptive methods (MAC) and their access. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the Integrated Mother and Child Care Model on adherence and knowledge of CAM in women during the first postpartum semester.

Methods: An intervention study was carried out, 2 groups were formed, GI: intervention group (3 controls up to 6 months postpartum) and GC: control group (one control at 6 months postpartum).

Incidence of acute otitis media from 2003 to 2019 in children ≤ 17 years in England.

Background: The 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced in 2006 and the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in 2010 in the UK. PCVs are active immunization for the prevention of invasive disease, pneumonia and acute otitis media (AOM) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children. The aim of this observational study was to estimate incidence rates (IRs) of AOM in children ≤17 years from 2003 to 2019 in England, before and after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs).

[IGG4-related disease. Report of 52 patients].

Background: IgG4-related disease (IgG4 RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory disorder, with tissue infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells. It causes pseudotumors, tumors, and a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations.

Aim: To report the clinical, laboratory, histopathological and treatment characteristics of a group of Chilean patients with IgG4 RD.

Dietary Patterns in the Argentinian Population and Their Association With Sociodemographic Characteristics: Results From the ELANS Study (2014-2015).

Aim: To describe dietary patterns in the Argentinian population and their association with sociodemographic characteristics.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of Argentina's food consumption and sociodemographic data of 1,266 men and women between 15 and 65 years from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health carried out between March 2014 and December 2015. Dietary patterns were identified by using factor analysis and median factor scores were calculated for gender, age, region, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic, education, and physical activity categories.

Effectiveness of Additional Risk Minimization Measures for Atezolizumab in the European Union.

Background: A Guide for Healthcare Professionals (HCP Guide) and patient alert card (PAC) for atezolizumab as additional risk minimization measures for physicians were distributed to raise awareness and help in the detection and management of immune-related adverse drug reactions.

Objectives: The main objective of this study was to assess the receipt, knowledge, and behaviors of physicians regarding the atezolizumab HCP Guide and PAC.

Methods: A multi-country, one-wave, observational, cross-sectional, web-based, self-reported physician survey was conducted to assess the level of knowledge of key messages related to immune-related adverse drug reactions summarized in the atezolizumab HCP Guide and PAC among physicians (oncologists, pulmonologists, and urologists) prescribing atezolizumab in six European countries (Denmark, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, and the UK).

Localised neuropathic pain in the primary care setting: a cross-sectional study of prevalence, clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, quality of life and sleep performance.

Background: Localised Neuropathic Pain (LNP) is challenging to diagnose and manage in primary care.

Objective: To describe clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, quality of life and sleep performance of patients with LNP and estimate its prevalence in primary care.

Methods: Cross-sectional study in 4 European countries.

[Lymphadenopathies in patients with rheumatic diseases. Review of 19 cases].

Background: The presence of multiple lymphadenopathies can be a diagnostic challenge.

Aim: To describe the clinical, laboratory and imaging characteristics of 19 patients with lymphadenopathies of rheumatologic origin.

Material And Methods: Review of medical records of 19 patients aged 16 to 72 years (68%) with lymphadenopathies presumably secondary to a rheumatic disease.

Linking process indicators and clinical/safety outcomes to assess the effectiveness of abatacept (ORENCIA) patient alert cards in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Purpose: Patient alert cards (PACs) for abatacept (ORENCIA) inform patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) about the risk of infections and allergic reactions. The study evaluates the effectiveness of the PACs in rheumatoid arthritis patients and HCPs, using process indicators (awareness, receipt, utility, knowledge, behaviour) and outcomes.

Methods: Surveys of patients and HCPs in five European countries.

Pre/post effectiveness evaluation of updated additional risk minimisation measures for an orphan disease: Myozyme (alglucosidase alfa) Safety Information Packet.

Background: The alglucosidase alfa (Myozyme®) Safety Information Packet ("previous SIP") was updated to improve readability and content ("updated SIP"). We compared the previous and updated SIPs.

Methods: A two-wave pre-post multicountry survey was conducted among health care professionals (HCPs) who prescribed or monitored patients on alglucosidase alfa in the largest European Union ("EU5") countries and Poland.

Association between Eating Speed and Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality around the world. Lifestyle is recognized as a key factor in the development of metabolic disorders and CVD. Recently, eating speed has been of particular interest since some studies have associated it with the development of obesity and other cardiometabolic disorders.

Development of a biosensor protein bullet as a fluorescent method for fast detection of Escherichia coli in drinking water.

Drinking water can be exposed to different biological contaminants from the source, through the pipelines, until reaching the final consumer or industry. Some of these are pathogenic bacteria and viruses which may cause important gastrointestinal or systemic diseases. The microbiological quality of drinking water relies mainly in monitoring three indicator bacteria of faecal origin, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium perfringens, which serve as early sentinels of potential health hazards for the population.

[Cost-effectiveness assessment through theoretical cost-minimization analysis of the use of two gastro-resistant modified-release mesalazine formulations in the management of ulcerative colitis in Spain].

Introduction: The prevalence of ulcerative colitis (UC) and its associated economic burden is increasing in Spain. Oral mesalazines, which are the recommended first-line treatment for mild-moderate UC, show considerable variability in their formulations and prices.

Objective: To carry out a cost-effectiveness assessment of the use of the two formulations of oral gastro-resistant modified-release mesalazine formulations marketed in Spain (Salofalk(®) and Mezavant(®)) for the phases of induction of remission and its maintenance.

Decline of General Intelligence in Children Exposed to Manganese from Mining Contamination in Puyango River Basin, Southern Ecuador.

Based on ecosystem approaches to health (Ecohealth), this study sought to identify neurobehavioral disorders in children exposed to several levels of toxic metal pollution from gold mining in the Puyango River Basin, Southern Ecuador. Ninety-three children born or living in the study area participated in the study. A neurobehavioral test battery consisting of 12 tests assessing various functions of the nervous system was applied as well as a questionnaire regarding events of exposure of children's mothers to contaminants during perinatal period.

Vegetation patches improve the establishment of Salvia mexicana seedlings by modifying microclimatic conditions.

Human disturbance has disrupted the dynamics of plant communities. To restore these dynamics, we could take advantage of the microclimatic conditions generated by remaining patches of vegetation and plastic mulch. These microclimatic conditions might have great importance in restoring disturbed lava fields located south of Mexico City, where the rock is exposed and the soil is shallow.

Benefit-risk analysis of glatiramer acetate for relapsing-remitting and clinically isolated syndrome multiple sclerosis.

Background: Glatiramer acetate (GA) and interferon beta-1 are licensed for treating patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, they have slightly different indications, side effect profiles, and tolerability.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit-risk (BR) profile of GA in relapse-remitting MS (RRMS) and clinical isolated syndrome (CIS).

Trends in utilization and off-label use of polyethylene glycol 4000 laxatives and the prevalence of constipation in children in France.

Purpose: To determine trends in utilization and off-label use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 in children and to determine the prevalence of constipation.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analyses were conducted from 1997 to 2007 in a French health care database comprising general practitioners and pediatricians. Patients prescribed PEG 4000 (Forlax(®); Ipsen Pharma, Paris, France) were used to assess PEG 4000 use; constipation was defined by a diagnosis of constipation or use of any laxative.

Survey of aflatoxins in maize tortillas from Mexico City.

In Mexico, maize tortillas are consumed on a daily basis, leading to possible aflatoxin exposure. In a survey of 396 2-kg samples, taken over four sampling days in 2006 and 2007 from tortilla shops and supermarkets in Mexico City, aflatoxin levels were quantified by HPLC. In Mexico, the regulatory limit is 12 µg kg⁻¹ total aflatoxins for maize tortillas.

Effect of subcutaneous lidocaine infiltration on blood loss secondary to corporal lipoaspiration: a prospective, randomized, double-masked clinical trial.

Background: Lipoaspiration is one of the most frequently performed aesthetic surgical procedures worldwide. The use of tumescent solution containing lidocaine to infiltrate subcutaneous fat before surgery has been accepted as the standard of care for these procedures. Its objective is to diminish postoperative analgesic necessities and secondary blood loss, but its role in hematocrit reduction is not clear at this time.

[Cost-effectiveness of managing familial hypercholesterolemia using atorvastatin-based preventive therapy].

Introduction And Objectives: A cost-effectiveness model was developed to evaluate the efficiency of different preventive strategies in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) in comparison with routine clinical practice (CP): atorvastatin monotherapy, 40 mg (A40) or 80 mg (A80, and atorvastatin combined with ezetimibe, 10 mg (A40+E10 or A80+E10).

Methods: A longitudinal population model with a time horizon for life-expectancy was developed within the context of the Spanish public healthcare system. Life tables for the Spanish population (2002) were modified using the standardized mortality rate for individuals with FH.