Reducing confusion surrounding expert conceptions of Alzheimer's and dementia: A practical analysis.

Biological, clinicobiological and clinical conceptions of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are being promoted simultaneously to different practical ends. The co-existence of contemporary conceptions and the 'scary label' associated with older diagnostic criteria create the possibility of misunderstanding and harm. In this comment, we argue in favour of socio-ethical interventions targeted to health workers and the general public so as to lower the uncertainties introduced by contemporary diagnostic criteria and to articulate how they relate to established criteria.

COVID-19 vaccination certificates and lifting public health and social measures: ethical considerations.

Background: To reopen society, various countries are planning or have implemented differential public health and social measures (PHSMs) for COVID-19-vaccinated individuals, by exempting these individuals from some of the measures.

Aims: To examine the ethical considerations raised by differential PHSMs by differrnt countries based on individual vaccination status verified by vaccination certificates.

Discussion: Decisions on whether and when measures should be lifted specifically for vaccinated individuals should be guided by scientific and ethical considerations.

Avoiding Over-Reliance on Multi-Domain Interventions for Dementia Prevention.

Given the unknown therapeutic value of targeting Alzheimer's disease pathology and the discovery of robust risk factors for dementia, non-pharmacological risk reduction (RR) is increasingly offered as an alternative to targeting Alzheimer's disease pathology. While RR will surely be a useful tool to make public health gains, we propose solutions to three possible issues with over-reliance on multi-domain interventions to achieve RR: limited individual impact, an exclusive focus on later life, and overlooking social determinants of dementia. We argue in favor of a broader debate within the research community and greater society about how different therapeutic avenues should be explored.

An Argument for Simple Tests of Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Two potential disease-modifying approaches for dementia are being vigorously tested: the early targeting of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multi-domain lifestyle interventions to promote resilience to neuropathology. We apply the "web of information" model of clinical translation to both approaches to argue firstly that tests of treatments aiming to achieve clinically meaningful outcomes should remain simple, and secondly, that building clinically-meaningful treatments should be kept separate from public health policy which means promoting wide-reaching action against risk factors now with available information.

Proposal for the elaboration of a triage guideline in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

This document offers a proposal for the elaboration of a triage guideline in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. This proposal includes recommendations on the procedural norms and substantive norms that should govern the allocation and reallocation of therapeutic resources in conditions of extreme scarcity.

Top five ethical lessons of COVID-19 that the world must learn.

As the world reflects upon one year since the first cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and prepare for and experience surges in cases, it is important to identify the most crucial ethical issues that might lie ahead so that countries are able to plan accordingly. Some ethical issues are rather obvious to predict, such as the ethical issues surrounding the use of immunity certificates, contact tracing, and the fair allocation of vaccines globally. Yet, the most significant ethical challenge that the world must address in the next year and beyond is to ensure that we learn the ethical lessons of the first year of this pandemic.

The ethics of innovation for Alzheimer's disease: the risk of overstating evidence for metabolic enhancement protocols.

Medical practice is ideally based on robust, relevant research. However, the lack of disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease has motivated "innovative practice" to improve patients' well-being despite insufficient evidence for the regular use of such interventions in health systems treating millions of patients. Innovative or new non-validated practice poses at least three distinct ethical questions: first, about the responsible application of new non-validated practice to individual patients (clinical ethics); second, about the way in which data from new non-validated practice are communicated via the scientific and lay press (scientific communication ethics); and third, about the prospect of making new non-validated interventions widely available before more definitive testing (public health ethics).

National Scientific Misconduct Policies in Argentina: Two Definitions of Research Misconduct.

In "An International Study of Research Misconduct Policies", Resnik et al. count Argentina in the list of countries without national research misconduct policies. In this paper, we clarify that Argentina has national policies of research misconduct and present the research misconduct definitions of two official science organisms: the National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and the Ethics Committee of the Argentine Ministry of Science (MINCyT).

Post-trial obligations in the Declaration of Helsinki 2013: classification, reconstruction and interpretation.

The general aim of this article is to give a critical interpretation of post-trial obligations towards individual research participants in the Declaration of Helsinki 2013. Transitioning research participants to the appropriate health care when a research study ends is a global problem. The publication of a new version of the Declaration of Helsinki is a great opportunity to discuss it.