Pediatric Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy: Diagnosis and Management. A YO-IFOS Consensus Statement.

Objective: Pediatric inferior turbinate hypertrophy (PedTH) is a frequent and often overlooked cause or associated cause of nasal breathing difficulties. This clinical consensus statement (CCS) aims to provide a diagnosis and management framework covering the lack of specific guidelines for this condition and addressing the existing controversies.

Methods: A clinical consensus statement (CCS) was developed by a panel of 20 contributors from 7 different European and North American countries using the modified Delphi method.

Coblator adenoidectomy in pediatric patients: a state-of-the-art review.

Introduction: Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the main causes of nasal obstruction in 'children. Adenoid hypertrophy can be approached either with nasal corticosteroids, or surgically when medical treatment fails. Different adenoidectomy techniques have been proposed to reduce morbidity and surgical risks, with a consequent marked increase in the use of new surgical procedures in recent years, with a progressive increase in the use of coblation.

Update of the consensus document on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute otitis media and sinusitis.

Update of the consensus on acute otitis media (AOM) (2012) and sinusitis (2013) following the introduction of pneumococcal vaccines in the immunization schedule, and related changes, such as epidemiological variation, colonization by of nonvaccine serotypes and emerging antimicrobial resistances. A majority of studies show that the introduction of the pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine has been followed by a reduction in the nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus, with an increase in the proportion of drug-resistant nonvaccine serotypes. The diagnosis of AOM is still clinical, although more stringent criteria are proposed, which are based on the visualization of abnormalities in the tympanic membrane and the findings of pneumatic otoscopy performed by trained clinicians.

Rhinomanometry with and without decongestant used to select children for adenoidectomy: a cohort study.

Objective: Adenoid hypertrophy may coexist, and often does, with rhinitis. Therefore, in some cases, adenoidectomy alone, despite the fact that it reduces nasal resistance, may be insufficient to restore nasal breathing. Juliusson et al.

Vocal cord paralysis after cardiovascular surgery in children: incidence, risk factors and diagnostic options.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of vocal cord paralysis (VCP) in children after cardiovascular surgery. The secondary aims were to identify the factors potentially associated with VCP and to assess the diagnostic utility of laryngeal ultrasound (US).

Methods: This study is a retrospective review of patients who underwent aortic repair, patent ductus arteriosus ligation and left pulmonary artery surgeries from 2007 to 2017.

Laryngeal stenosis in children: Types, grades and treatment strategies.

Introduction: Laryngeal stenosis is infrequent in children and usually secondary to endotracheal intubation. The aims of this study were to review the outcomes of the distinct endoscopic and surgical procedures and to suggest a technical modification for one of them.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients with the diagnosis of laryngeal stenosis treated in an academic tertiary care institution between 2000 and 2017.

Videolaryngoscopy With Noninvasive Ventilation in Subjects With Upper-Airway Obstruction.

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) titration may be difficult when dynamic airway obstruction episodes persist, even with high expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP). We aimed to determine the usefulness of videolaryngoscopy during NIV for identifying mechanisms and sites of obstruction and for providing a guide for their resolution in difficult-to-titrate subjects.

Methods: When obstructions during NIV were present in the built-in software, EPAP was raised to 12 cm HO.

Recurrent lingual abscess.

Lingual abscess is an unusual condition but it may become a life-threatening entity. It presents as a very painful swelling of the tongue that, in its early stages, can be managed by antibiotic treatment. When the airway is obstructed, drainage is required by an open incision or aspiration with a large bore needle.