Influence of Physical Exercise on the Rehabilitation of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury Reconstructed with Autologous Adipose Tissue.

Background: In volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries, spontaneous muscle regeneration capacity is limited. The implantation of autologous adipose tissue in the affected area is an option to treat these lesions; however, the effectiveness of this therapy alone is insufficient for a complete recovery of the damaged muscle. This study examined the influence of treadmill exercise on the rehabilitation of VML injuries reconstructed with autologous adipose tissue, as a strategy to counteract the limitations of spontaneous regeneration observed in these injuries.

The ultrastructure of muscle fibers and satellite cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation.

In this study, we investigated the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the ultrastructure of muscle fibers and satellite cells in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE-induced animals were treated with TMS (60 Hz at 0.7 mT) for 2 hours in the morning, once a day, 5 days a week, for 3 weeks, starting on day 15 post-immunization.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Improves Muscle Involvement in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Skeletal muscle is affected in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which is a model of multiple sclerosis that produces changes including muscle atrophy; histological features of neurogenic involvement, and increased oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the involvement of rat skeletal muscle and to compare them with those produced by natalizumab (NTZ). EAE was induced by injecting myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) into Dark Agouti rats.

Ultrasonographic and Histological Correlation after Experimental Reconstruction of a Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury with Adipose Tissue.

Different types of scaffolds are used to reconstruct muscle volume loss injuries. In this experimental study, we correlated ultrasound observations with histological findings in a muscle volume loss injury reconstructed with autologous adipose tissue. The outcome is compared with decellularized and porous matrix implants.

Structural abnormalities in the human diaphragm in drowning and hanging deaths: preliminary results.

Purpose: Previous experiments in rats have indicated that there are histological changes in skeletal muscle in drowning deaths; these changes include muscle fibers that contain ragged red fibers (RRF). The purpose of this study was to examine whether these changes also occur in humans.

Methods: Histologic and histochemical examinations of three muscles (diaphragm, pectoralis, and psoas) were performed on 24 cadavers with three different causes of death: 8 drowning, 8 hanging, and 8 sudden cardiac disease.

Histology of skeletal muscle reconstructed by means of the implantation of autologous adipose tissue: an experimental study.

The purpose of this study was to determine the histological characteristics of a skeletal muscle reconstructed by means of the implantation of autologous adipose tissue following an experimentally-induced volumetric muscle loss. A cylindrical piece in the belly of the rat anterior tibial muscle was removed. In the hole, inguinal subcutaneous adipose tissue of the same rat was grafted.

Denervated muscle extract promotes recovery of muscle atrophy through activation of satellite cells. An experimental study.

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to determine whether a denervated muscle extract (DmEx) could stimulate satellite cell response in denervated muscle.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: normal rats, normal rats treated with DmEx, denervated rats, and denervated rats treated with DmEx. The soleus muscles were examined using immunohistochemical techniques for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, desmin, and myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD), and electron microscopy was used for analysis of the satellite cells.

Muscular hypertrophy and atrophy in normal rats provoked by the administration of normal and denervated muscle extracts.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of extracts obtained from both normal and denervated muscles on different muscle types. Wistar rats were used and were divided into a control group and four experimental groups. Each experimental group was treated intraperitoneally during 10 consecutive days with a different extract.

Histological Changes in Skeletal Muscle During Death by Drowning: An Experimental Study.

A diagnosis of drowning is a challenge in legal medicine as there is generally a lack of pathognomonic findings indicative of drowning. This article investigates whether the skeletal muscle undergoes structural changes during death by drowning. Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into 3 equal groups according to the cause of death: drowning, exsanguination, and cervical dislocation.

Skeletal muscle findings in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle is a target organ in multiple sclerosis, a chronic debilitating disease of the central nervous system caused by demyelination and axonal deterioration. Since the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model reproduces the relapsing-remitting course found in most multiple sclerosis patients, this model was used to compare the histological features of skeletal muscle at onset with those observed at the start of the second relapse.

Material And Methods: Histological, histochemical and ultrastructural changes, as well as biochemical oxidative damage and antioxidant-system markers, were examined in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles of Dark Agouti rats in which experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis had been induced by active immunization using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein.

Diatoms in forensic analysis: A practical approach in rats.

A diagnosis of drowning is a challenge in legal medicine, as there is generally a lack of pathognomonic findings indicative of drowning. Diatom analysis has been considered very supportive for a diagnosis of drowning, although the test is still controversial for some investigators. We assessed diatoms association with drowning in the peripheral tissues of drowned rats and the effects of the drowning medium on the diatom yield.

Experimental muscle injury: correlation between ultrasound and histological findings.

Introduction: In this study we correlated ultrasound findings with histological changes taking place during experimentally induced degeneration-regeneration in rat skeletal muscle.

Methods: Gastrocnemius muscles were injected with mepivacaine, and the progress of the muscle injury was monitored by ultrasound from day 1 to day 20. Muscles were extracted on the same days for histological examination.

Melatonin improves 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral alterations and neurotrophic factors levels.

Objective: This study sought to determine whether melatonin causes changes in neurotrophic factors and it protects against the mycotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in brain tissue.

Methods: Rats were given 3-NP over four consecutive days (20 mg/kg BW), while melatonin was administered over 21 days (1 mg/kg/BW), starting after the last injection of 3-NP.

Results: Rats treated with 3-NP displayed significant changes in neurotrophic factor (BDNF and GDNF) levels, together with alterations in behavior; they also displayed extensive oxidative stress and a massive neuronal damage.

Antioxidant-like effects and protective action of transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression caused by olfactory bulbectomy.

We studied the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS, 60 Hz and 0.7 mT for 4 h/day for 14 days) on oxidative and cell damage caused by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) in Wistar rats. The levels of lipid peroxidation products and caspase-3 were enhanced by OBX, whereas it prompted a reduction in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidative enzymes activities.

Protective effect of nicotine on oxidative and cell damage in rats with depression induced by olfactory bulbectomy.

We evaluated the effects of nicotine on cell and oxidative damage caused by olfactory bulbectomy (OBX). The rats were divided into seven groups as follows: i) control; ii) vehicle (6% ethanol); iii) treated with nicotine; iv) sham operated; v) olfactory bulbectomy (OBX); vi) OBX+vehicle; and vii) OBX+Nic. The OBX was performed using the trepanation of frontal bone.

Effect of 17beta-estradiol on olfactory bulbectomy-induced oxidative stress and behavioral changes in rats.

The present study evaluated 17beta-estradiol (17betaE(2)) (2.5 mg/kg sc) effects on bilateral OBX-induced behavioral changes and oxidative stress. OBX in male Wistar rats produced an increase in lipid peroxidation products and a decline in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, together with an increase in caspase-3 activity.

Effect of testosterone on oxidative stress and cell damage induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in striatum of ovariectomized rats.

This paper evaluates the effects of testosterone (0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation attenuates cell loss and oxidative damage in the striatum induced in the 3-nitropropionic model of Huntington's disease.

An investigation was conducted on the effect of transcranial magnetic field stimulation (TMS) on the free radical production and neuronal cell loss produced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. The effects of 3-nitropropionic acid were evaluated by examining the following changes in: the quantity of hydroperoxides and total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyl groups, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities; total nitrite and cell death [morphological changes, quantification of neuronal loss and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels]. Our results reveal that 3-nitropropionic acid induces oxidative and nitrosative stress in the striatum, prompts cell loss and also shows that TMS prevents the harmful effects induced by the acid.

17 beta-Estradiol may affect vulnerability of striatum in a 3-nitropropionic acid-induced experimental model of Huntington's disease in ovariectomized rats.

The aim of present study was to clarify the role of female sex hormones in the development and course of neurodegenerative disease in an experimental model of Huntington's disease induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) (30 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.)/day for 4 days) in ovariectomized rat.