Exploring coach and parent transformational leadership and their associations with social identity in adolescents.

The main objective of this study was to explore the associations between the transformational leadership of coaches and parents and adolescent athletes' social identity and examine the roles of gender and the stage of adolescence in these relationships. Furthermore, this study aimed to provide empirical evidence on measurement invariance across gender and the adolescent stage in the adapted Spanish version of the Social Identity Questionnaire for Sport (SIQS). The sample consisted of 656 athletes (299 males and 357 females) from 12 to 18 years old (M = 15.

Enjoyment in Sport and Alcohol Use among Adolescents: Examining the Mediating Role of Engagement.

Background: Alcohol consumption among young people is a significant public health concern. Previous studies have indicated that participation in sports, through the positive experiences it offers, may function as a protective factor against alcohol intake. This study aimed to examine the influence of enjoyment and personal fulfillment on adolescent alcohol use, exploring the role of engagement with sports as a mediating variable.

Engagement in Youth Athletes as a Positive Experience in Sport: Implications of Gender, Age, and Competitive Level.

The aim of this study was to examine athlete engagement and its relationships with indicators of the quality of the athlete's sport experience, exploring potential differences according to gender, age, and competitive level. Furthermore, this study validated the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ) in young athletes and confirmed its factor structure. A total of 1188 athletes (43.