Structural inequality linked to brain volume and network dynamics in aging and dementia across the Americas.

Structural inequality, the uneven distribution of resources and opportunities, influences health outcomes. However, the biological embedding of structural inequality in aging and dementia, especially among underrepresented populations, is unclear. We examined the association between structural inequality (country-level and state-level Gini indices) and brain volume and connectivity in 2,135 healthy controls, and individuals with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal lobe degeneration from Latin America and the United States.

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparities in aging and dementia across geographically diverse populations.

Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of diversity (including geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex and neurodegeneration) on the brain-age gap is unknown. We analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American and Caribbean countries (LAC) and 8 non-LAC countries).

Educational disparities in brain health and dementia across Latin America and the United States.

Background: Education influences brain health and dementia. However, its impact across regions, specifically Latin America (LA) and the United States (US), is unknown.

Methods: A total of 1412 participants comprising controls, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) from LA and the US were included.

Brain clocks capture diversity and disparity in aging and dementia.

Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of multimodal diversity (geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex, neurodegeneration) on the brain age gap (BAG) is unknown. Here, we analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American countries -LAC, 8 non-LAC).

An Exploratory Study of Sleep-Wake Differences of Autonomic Activity in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Role of Melatonin as a Modulating Factor.

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to assess sleep-wake differences of autonomic activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to control subjects. As a post-hoc objective, we sought to evaluate the mediating effect of melatonin on this association.

Patients And Methods: A total of 22 MCI patients (13 under melatonin treatment) and 12 control subjects were included in this study.

Classification of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia using routine clinical and cognitive measures across multicentric underrepresented samples: A cross sectional observational study.

Background: Global brain health initiatives call for improving methods for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in underrepresented populations. However, diagnostic procedures in upper-middle-income countries (UMICs) and lower-middle income countries (LMICs), such as Latin American countries (LAC), face multiple challenges. These include the heterogeneity in diagnostic methods, lack of clinical harmonisation, and limited access to biomarkers.

[Review of recommendations and new diagnosis criteria for mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease].

The symptomatic predementia phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD), known as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinical and neuropsychological condition which defines the transitional state between normal aging and dementia, and is used as a clinical description of people at risk of developing AD. A review of the diagnostic criteria of MCI due to Alzheimer's disease was recently published by the Alzheimer's Association and the National Institute on Aging of the U.S.

[Operational criteria for diagnosis of dementia in primary care].

Dementia is a chronic progressive mental disorder, which adversely affects different domains as memory, thinking, comprehension, judgment, orientation, calculation or language. People with dementia eventually lose the ability to carry out routine daily activities such as dressing, toileting, traveling and handling money. Memory impairment and dementia are commonly seen by physicians in multiple disciplines including primary care, geriatrics, neurology, and psychiatry.

Alzheimer's disease patients display gender dimorphism in circulating anorectic adipokines.

Among neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of death in elderly individuals. AD is characterized, among other clinical findings, by unexplained weight loss, cachexia and altered immune function. To explore whether any relationship between gender and circulating levels of several eating-controlling metabolites exist, we evaluated leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, triiodothyronine (T(3)), free (F) thyroxine (T(4)), TSH, PRL, insulin (INS), and cortisol in 15 AD-treated patients (age range 55-82 years): 9 postmenopausal females (without hormone replacement therapy) and 6 males.