Long-Term Effects of Early Low-Phosphorous Nutritional Conditioning on Broiler Chicken Performance, Bone Mineralization, and Gut Health Under Adequate or Phosphorous-Deficient Diets.

Phosphorous is essential for many metabolic functions and the constitution of bones. Poultry have limited ability to use phosphorous from diets, which is mainly excreted and causes environmental concern. For this reason, diets are commonly supplemented with inorganic phosphorus and phytases.

Influence of dietary n-3 long-chain fatty acids on microbial diversity and composition of sows' feces, colostrum, milk, and suckling piglets' feces.

Introduction: Very little is known about the impact of n-3 long-chain fatty acids (n-3 LCFAs) on the microbiota of sows and their piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of n-3 LCFA in sow diets on the microbiota composition of sows' feces, colostrum, and milk as well as that of piglets' feces.

Methods: Twenty-two sows were randomly assigned to either a control or an n-3 LCFA diet from service to weaning.

Postbiotic yeast fermentation product supplementation to lactating goats increases the efficiency of milk production by enhancing fiber digestibility and ruminal propionate, and reduces energy losses in methane.

Although in vitro data with mixed ruminal fluid demonstrated positive effects of posbiotic diet (POS) from lactobacilli on measures of fermentation and microbial profiles, there is a paucity of in vivo data with lactating ruminants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating POS into diets of lactating goats on energy (E) partitioning, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) balance, and performance. Ten late-lactation Murciano-Granadina goats were used in a crossover design with 26-d periods.

Post-dural Puncture Headache After Removal of Trail Spinal Cord Stimulator Leads: A Case Report.

Spinal cord stimulators (SCS) have been an invaluable resource in treating chronic pain pathologies such as failed back surgery syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome, neuropathic pain, and leg ischemia. Post-dural puncture headaches (PDPH) are a common phenomenon that happens when the dura is compromised. It has been seen with permanent SCS placement, but less commonly reported with SCS trail leads.

Cannabis, cannabinoids, and cannabis-based medicines: future research directions for analgesia.

The use of cannabis spans thousands of years and encompasses almost all dimensions of the human experience, including consumption for recreational, religious, social, and medicinal purposes. Its use in the management of pain has been anecdotally described for millennia. However, an evidence base has only developed over the last 100 years, with an explosion in research occurring in the last 20-30 years, as more states in the USA as well as countries worldwide have legalized and encouraged its use in pain management.

Opioid Taper is Associated with Improved Experimental Pain Tolerance in Patients with Chronic Pain: An Observational Study.

Introduction: The degree to which opioid-induced hyperalgesia contributes to the pain experience of patients with chronic pain remains relatively undescribed. The objective of this pilot study was to determine if experimental pain responses improve in patients with chronic pain as they undergo a planned opioid taper.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study.

Color Doppler ultrasonography of an agitated solution is predictive of accurate catheter placement for a continuous popliteal sciatic nerve block.

Background: Continuous peripheral nerve catheters (PNCs) have been shown to provide superior postoperative analgesia, decrease opioid consumption, and improve patient satisfaction compared with single injection techniques. In order to achieve success and reliability, accurate catheter positioning is an essential element of PNC placement. An agitated solution of normal saline, D5W, or a local anesthetic solution can be produced by the introduction of air to the injectate, creating air bubbles that can enhance ultrasonographic visualization and possibly improve block success.

Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation Compared with a Single Injection of Hyaluronic Acid for Chronic Knee Pain: A Multicenter, Randomized Clinical Trial Demonstrating Greater Efficacy and Equivalent Safety for Cooled Radiofrequency Ablation.

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a painful and sometimes debilitating disease that often affects patients for years. Current treatments include short-lasting and often repetitive nonsurgical options, followed by surgical intervention for appropriate candidates. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of pain related to knee osteoarthritis.

Analgesic efficacy of adding the IPACK block to a multimodal analgesia protocol for primary total knee arthroplasty.

Background And Objectives: Peripheral nerve blocks have been integrated into most multimodal analgesia protocols for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The adductor canal block (ACB) has gained popularity because of its quadriceps muscle sparing. Similarly, local anesthetic injection between the popliteal artery and the posterior capsule of the knee, IPACK block, has been described to provide analgesia to the posterior capsule of the knee with motor-sparing qualities.

Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Interventional Pain and Procedures.

Pain is a common symptom for patients with advanced illness. Palliative care (PC) clinicians are experts in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment of pain and other symptoms for these patients. True multimodal pain control should include consideration of interventional procedures and pumps to improve difficult-to-manage pain.

Cooled radiofrequency ablation provides extended clinical utility in the management of knee osteoarthritis: 12-month results from a prospective, multi-center, randomized, cross-over trial comparing cooled radiofrequency ablation to a single hyaluronic acid injection.

Background: Safe and effective non-surgical treatments are an important part of the knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment algorithm. Cooled radiofrequency ablation (CRFA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) injections are two commonly used modalities to manage symptoms associated with knee OA.

Methods: A prospective 1:1 randomized study was conducted in 177 patients comparing CRFA to HA injection with follow-ups at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months.

Myxoma virus jumps species to the Iberian hare.

The study of myxoma virus (MYXV) infections in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) has produced one of the most accepted host-pathogen evolutionary models. To date, myxomatosis has been limited to the European rabbit with sporadic reports in hares. However, reports of widespread mortalities in the Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) with myxomatosis-like clinical signs indicate a potential species jump has occurred.

Music versus midazolam during preoperative nerve block placements: a prospective randomized controlled study.

Background And Objectives: Music medicine is a non-pharmacologic intervention that is virtually harm-free, relatively inexpensive and has been shown to significantly decrease preoperative anxiety. In this study we aim to compare the use of music to midazolam as a preoperative anxiolytic prior to the administration of an ultrasound-guided single-injection peripheral nerve block.

Methods: In this randomized controlled study we compared the anxiolytic effects of intravenous midazolam (1-2 mg) with noise-canceling headphone-delivered music medicine.

A comparison of the fascia iliaca block to the lumbar plexus block in providing analgesia following arthroscopic hip surgery: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Study Objective: This randomized controlled single blinded clinical trial compared the fascia iliaca block (FIB) and the lumbar plexus block (LPB) in patients with moderate to severe pain following hip arthroscopic surgery.

Design: Single blinded randomized trial.

Setting: Postoperative recovery area, postoperative days 0 and 1.

Can Chronic Pain Be Prevented?

All chronic pain begins at some discrete point in time. Significant strides in the understanding of mechanisms and risk factors associated with the transition from a new, or acute, pain experience to a chronic pain condition have been made over the past 20 years. These insights provide the hope of one day being able to modify or even halt this pathophysiologic progression.

The Risk of Falls After Total Knee Arthroplasty with the Use of a Femoral Nerve Block Versus an Adductor Canal Block: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: Adductor canal block (ACB) has emerged as an appealing alternative to femoral nerve block (FNB) that produces a predominantly sensory nerve block by anesthetizing the saphenous nerve. Studies have shown greater quadriceps strength preservation with ACB compared with FNB, but no advantage has yet been shown in terms of fall risk. The Tinetti scale is used by physical therapists to assess gait and balance, and total score can estimate a patient's fall risk.

Changes in bacterial population of gastrointestinal tract of weaned pigs fed with different additives.

This study aimed to provide novel insights into the gastrointestinal microbial diversity from different gastrointestinal locations in weaning piglets using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Additionally, the effect of different feed additives was analyzed. Thirty-two piglets were fed with four different diets: a control group and three enriched diets, with avilamycin, sodium butyrate, and a plant extract mixture.

Real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of toxigenic Clostridium botulinum type C1 in waterbird and sediment samples: comparison with other PCR techniques.

A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for detection of the neurotoxin of the Clostridium botulinum type C (BoNTC) encoding gene has been compared with a nested PCR (nPCR) and a conventional PCR (cPCR) using 2 toxigenic C. botulinum C1 reference strains and samples from bird tissues (n = 30) and sediments (n = 30) from wetlands where botulism outbreaks have been reported. A cPCR based on 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from 60 strains of Clostridium species was also developed to detect the genomic DNA of C.

Heterologous protective immunization elicited in mice by Pasteurella multocida fur ompH.

Different strategies have been developed to produce vaccines against Pasteurella multocida. The approach described herein involves overexpression on the bacterial cell surface of Fur-regulated IROMPs (iron-regulated outer-membrane proteins). Accordingly, the ability of fur mutants to promote heterologous protection was examined in a Swiss mouse animal model.