Normal Diameters of Extraocular Muscles: A Nigerian Retrospective Study.

Background: The thickness of extraocular muscles (EOMs) is important in the management of several conditions associated with EOM enlargement. This study determined the normative values of EOM diameters in adult patients seen at a teaching hospital in Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: The study measured the thickness of the EOMs and the interzygomatic line (IZL) on brain images of 300 patients with non-orbital conditions (150 computed tomography [CT] and 150 magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) archived in the radiological database of Delta State University Hospital, Nigeria, after ethical clearance.

Variations of the Nasal Septum in Adult Nigerians: Computed Tomography Study.

 The morphological variants of the nasal septum have been implicated in sinus pathology and pose a challenge during endoscopic surgeries.  The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of nasal septum variants in adult Nigerians.  The present study was performed at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, following ethical approval.

Pneumatization Patterns of the Sphenoid Sinus in Adult Nigerians and Their Clinical Implications.

Background: The variant pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus have significant surgical implications due to their associated inconsistent neurovascular relations. This study aimed at evaluating the pneumatization patterns of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians.

Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at the Radiology Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria after obtaining institutional ethical approval.

Variant neurovascular relations of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians.

Background: With the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery, the variant neurovascular relations of the sphenoid sinus are important to surgeons to minimise the iatrogenic complications. This study elucidates the variant neurovascular relations of the sphenoid sinus in adult Nigerians.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Delta State University Teaching Hospital after institutional approval.

Impact of Covid-19 on the Mental Health of Delta State University students, Nigeria.

Background And Aim Of The Work: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a substantial psychological burden among students. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 on the mental health of university students and determining the prevalence of anxiety and depression.

Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized an online questionnaire sent to students in the Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Delta State University after ethical approval.

Jobelyn suppresses hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and necrosis in experimental alcohol-induced brain stress.

Neurodegeneration in the hippocampus is a consequence of alcohol abuse which compromises the survival of the CNS tissue and its self-renewal capacity. So far, conventional drugs have not been clinically satisfactory in ameliorating neurodegeneration, therefore there has been a surge towards exploring the potentials of nutraceuticals since they mediate their action in a multi-mechanism fashion and may have high therapeutic potentials in CNS diseases. This study, therefore, evaluated the effect of Jobelyn® supplementation in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration of the hippocampus.

Landolphia owariensis Attenuates Alcohol-induced Cerebellar Neurodegeneration: Significance of Neurofilament Protein Alteration in the Purkinje Cells.

Background: Alcohol-induced cerebellar neurodegeneration is a neuroadaptation that is associated with chronic alcohol abuse. Conventional drugs have been largely unsatisfactory in preventing neurodegeneration. Yet, multimodal neuro-protective therapeutic agents have been hypothesised to have high therapeutic potential for the treatment of CNS conditions; there is yet a dilemma of how this would be achieved.

Palmar and digital dermatoglyphic patterns in the Ndokwas of Delta State, Nigeria.

We determined asymmetry, complexity and pattern polarization of dermal ridges and palmar variables of atd angle, a - b ridge count and total finger ridge count of dermal ridges among the Ndokwa people of Nigeria. 400 healthy students who are Ndokwas were studied. Ink prints of their fingers and palms were obtained.

Histochemical studies of the effects of monosodium glutamate on the liver of adult wistar rats.

Background: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a commonly used food additive and there is growing concern that excitotoxins such as MSG play a critical role in the development of several hepatic disorders.

Objectives: The histochemical effect of monosodium glutamate was investigated on the liver of adult Wistar rats.

Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 24), with an average weight of 230 g were randomly assigned into two treatment groups, (A & B) (n=16) and Control (C) (n=8).

Histological effects of chronic administration of efavirenz on lateral geniculate body of adult Wistar rats.

Background: The effects of chronic administration of efavirenz commonly used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) type-1 on the weight of the brain and inferior colliculus of adult Wistar rats was carefully studied.

Methods And Materials: The rats of both sexes (n = 24), with average weight of 200g were randomly assigned into two treatment (A & B) (n=16) and Control (c) (n=8) groups. The rats in the treatment group received 600mg/70kg bogy weight of efavirenz dissolved in distilled water daily for 30days through the orogastric tube.

Symphysiofundal height growth curve and growth velocity in pregnant women in a Nigerian community.

A prospective survey of symphysiofundal height (SFH) was undertaken in 202 Nigerian pregnant women in Uromi, Edo State, Nigeria, with the objective of constructing an SFH growth chart for the pregnant population in the community. A customised gravidogram and a growth velocity curve were also constructed and compared with those derived in other regions of the world. The average SFH growth rate between 20 and 40 weeks was 0.

Palmar and digital dermatogylyphic patterns of the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria.

Palmar and digital dermatoglyphic patterns of the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria were taken and their variability examined. Six hundred people were assessed, consisting of 200 Hausas (156 males, 44 females), 200 Ibos (98 males, 102 females), 200 Yorubas (112 males and 88 females). Clear prints were obtained by ink procedure and classified into patterns.

Digital and palmar dermatoglyphics of the Ijaw of Southern Nigeria.

Dermatoglyphics are polygenic markers useful in studying population dynamics. The digital and palmar ridge pattern characteristics of 390 subjects of Ijaw ethnicity were evaluated using standard methods. The most prevalent digital ridge pattern type was ulnar loops followed by whorls, arches and the least prevalent was radial loops.

The sub-pubic angle in adult indigenous Malawian subjects.

Background: A number of parameters are used to assess the pelvis for clinical, physical and forensic anthropological reasons. When it is adequately assessed within any population group, the pelvis displays wide variations. Although the sub-pubic angle is one of the three forensically important angles of the pelvic outlet, literature is scanty or lacking on East and Central Africans, and no published report is available on indigenous Malawian subjects.

Age estimation of Malawian adults from dental radiographs.

Background: Previous studies have shown that with advancing age the size of the dental pulp cavity is reduced as a result of secondary dentine deposit, so that measurements of this reduction can be used as an indicator of age. Age estimation is one of the indicators used in forensic identification and teeth are biological markers for human age estimation.

Methodology: We measured the height (mm) of the crown (CH = Coronal Height) and the height (mm) of the coronal pulp cavity (CPCH = Coronal pulp cavity height) of premolars and molars of 134 adult Malawians (77 males, 57 females) aged 20 - 80 years from dental radiographs.

The position and dimensions of the mental foramen in adult Malawian mandibles.

Background: The mental foramen is found on the anterolateral aspect of the mandible and transmits the mental nerve and vessels. The identification and actual location of this foramen is very important in clinical dentistry as well as in the microscopic and macroscopic evaluation of the morphology and maturity of the human mandible.

Methodology: We determined the position and dimensions of this foramen from seventy adult indigenous Malawian mandibles of both sexes.

The bicondylar angle of adult Malawians.

We measured the bicondylar angle on 260 unilateral anteroposterior radiographs of the knee of adult Malawians, 134 men and 126 women, aged 18 to 54 years. The angle ranged between 1.50 degrees and 12.

Dermatoglyphics of mothers of Malawian children with spina bifida cystica: a comparative study with female controls.

Unlabelled: Dermatoglyphic traits are formed under genetic control early in development and do not change thereafter, thus maintaining stability not affected by age.

Methodology: We determined the dermatoglyphic traits of mothers of children with spina bifida cystica and compared then with controls matched for number, age and parity, by counting and classifying palmar, plantar and digital ridge pattern configurations of arches, loops, whorls and ridges based on standard techniques.

Results: Palmar pattern types, showed absence of arches, significantly higher frequency of whorls (P > 0.

Palmar and digital dermatoglyphic traits of Kenyan and Tanzanian subjects.

Unlabelled: Dermatoglyphic traits, along with other morphological, molecular and biochemical markers have traditionally been used in biological anthropology to explore affinities and differences among human groups.

Methodology: We carried out a cross-sectional study of healthy able-bodied volunteers of indigenous Kenyan and Tanzanian subjects to establish their palmar and digital dermatoglyphic traits, by counting and classifying their ridge pattern configurations of arches, loops, whorls and ridges based on standard techniques.

Results: Ulnar loops were the most prevalent digital ridge patterns and arches were the least in our samples with significant sex differences exhibited in arches, ulnar loops and whorls (P < 0.

Arch index as a predictor of pes planus: a comparative study of indigenous Kenyans and Tanzanians.

We determined the arch index of able-bodied indigenous Kenyan and Tanzanian individuals free of foot pain by using their dynamic footprints to classify the foot arch type and determine the prevalence of pes planus according to a previously described method. Males had a significantly higher arch index than females in both groups, and the prevalence of pes planus in Kenyans was 432 per 1,000 population, the highest ever documented and twice as high as that in Tanzanians (203 per 1,000 population). The arch index is useful in determining the prevalence of pes planus and possibly predicting pathologic foot conditions, and it may serve as an early warning sign of structural and functional defects of the foot in a given population.

Epidemiology of humeral fractures in Malawi.

We analysed and determined retrospectively the location, age, gender and side of the body of humeral fractures from 258 antero-posterior radiographs of all patients aged 3-81 years over a 5-year period. It was observed that 160 fractures occurred on the left side while 98 were on the right side with 156 occurring in males and 102 in females. Forty-eight percent of the fractures occurred at the lower end of the humerus while 41% occurred at the mid-shaft with only 10% occurring at the upper end.

Geometric measurements of the acetabulum in adult Malawians: radiographic study.

Objectives: To determine the acetabular depth as well as acetabular and centre edge angles; to assess the influence of sex, if any, in these geometric measurements; and to determine the prevalence of hip dysplasia in adult Malawians.

Design: A retrospective study.

Setting: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) and Blantyre Adventist Hospital (BAH).

Palmar and digital dermatoglyphic features of hypertensive and diabetic Malawian patients.

We determined the palmar and digital dermatoglyphic features of 165 black Malawian patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, aged 25-66 years attending the medical outpatient clinics at Lilongwe and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospitals by analyzing their total finger ridge count (TFRC), pattern intensity index (PII), atd angle and a-b ridge counts and compared these parameters with those of healthy controls previously studied, matched for age and sex. Differences were observed only in digital ridge patterns: whorls were absent in hypertensive patients and in men with diabetes and hypertension; and there was a significant rise in percentage frequency of ulnar loops (P < 0.001) in women with hypertension.