Orthodontic Management in Pediatric Patients with Rare Diseases: Case Reports.

: The orthodontic management of pediatric patients with rare diseases, such as Ectodermal Dysplasia (ED) and Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), requires complex protocols due to dental anomalies in both the number and structure of teeth. These conditions necessitate a departure from traditional orthodontic approaches, as skeletal anchoring is often required because of these anomalies. A patient with ED, characterized by hypodontia and malformed teeth, presented with insufficient natural teeth for anchorage.

Friedman Tongue Position and the Anthropometric Parameters in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Observational Study.

Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a relevant public health problem; dentists can play an important role in screening patients with sleep disorders by using validated tools and referring patients to a specialist, thereby promoting an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of the study is to identify if the OSAS severity, measured by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), and some anthropometric measurements are associated with the Friedman Tongue Position (FTP) within a population with dysmetabolic comorbidities.

Materials And Methods: A questionnaire containing information about clinical data including height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), neck circumference, waist circumference, hip circumference and FTP was administered.

Early Class III Treatment Using a Hybrid Rapid Palatal Expander and Facemask in a Patient with Partially Edentulous Maxilla Post MNTI Removal: A Case Report.

This case report describes the orthodontic treatment of a 9-year-old girl who presented with multiple agenesis, maxillary contraction, and skeletal Class III malocclusion after the surgical removal of a melanocytic neuroectodermal tumour of infancy (MNTI) or the so-called melanocytic progonoma at 40 days of age. The lack of dental anchorage in the posterior segment of the second quadrant and the search for maximum control during suture expansion to reduce dental effects led to the use of a hybrid rapid palatal expander (RPE) with dental anchorage in the first quadrant and skeletal anchorage on the two miniscrews placed in the second quadrant, to allow a more even distribution of expansion forces. The expansion procedures performed with the hybrid anchorage device and extraoral traction demonstrate the possibility of solving the contraction in the posterior segments and anterior crossbite in a few months with maximum control of the applied forces, despite the objective difficulties related to the specificity of the case.

Baby Food and Oral Health: Knowledge of the Existing Interaction.

Background: The purpose of this study is to verify parents' knowledge of child nutrition and their awareness of the interaction between unhealthy sugars in their child's diet and caries formation.

Methods: a questionnaire was proposed using Instagram to analyze type of breastfeeding; type of weaning and diet; home oral hygiene maneuvers; bad habits (use of pacifiers, bottles, and sugary substances); knowledge on the usefulness of fluoride; and first dental visit. A total of 200 parents from different regions of Italy with children aged 2 months to 6 years were contacted.

Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Flowable Composites and Glass Ionomer Cements to Primary Teeth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies.

: Conventional composites are largely used in pediatric restorative dentistry and demonstrate successful clinical outcomes. However, the need for simplification of operative steps in young or uncooperative children demands reliable alternatives. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the in vitro bond strength of glass ionomer cements (GICs) and self-adhesive flowable composites (SFCs) on deciduous teeth.

The Role of the Pediatric Dentist in the Multidisciplinary Management of the Cleft Lip Palate Patient.

The focus of this paper is the pediatric dental care of Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) children and the role of the pediatric dentist in the CLP team. The management of children with cleft lip and palate presents many challenges and a multidisciplinary and prepared team is always required. Affected individuals present a multiplicity of problems: effective management involves a wide range of specialities.

Root Fracture and Extrusive Luxation in Primary Teeth and Their Management: A Case Report.

Background: Extrusion, lateral luxation, and intrusion are among the most serious types of dental trauma. Only a few studies have specifically focused on extrusion; the present one was aimed at reporting a case of domestic traumatic dental injury to primary tooth and describing the measures taken in managing the trauma in order to avoid future consequences to the underlying permanent tooth germ.

Case Report: A 3.

Comparative Evaluation of Esthetic and Structural Aspects in Class II Functional Therapy. A Case-Control Retrospective Study.

To compare the skeletal, dental, and esthetic changes produced by three functional devices, Fränkel-2 appliance (FR-2), Twin Block (TB), and Occlus-o-Guide (O-o-G), for the treatment of Class II malocclusion. : Sixty-five patients with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were divided into three groups and were analyzed through cephalometric analysis of skeletal, dental, and esthetic variables before and after treatment. The first group of 23 patients (F: 9; M: 14; mean age: 10.

New 3D Cone Beam CT Imaging Parameters to Assist the Dentist in Treating Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

(1) Background: The aim of the work is to identify some imaging parameters in osteogenesis imperfecta to assist the dentist in the diagnosis, planning, and orthodontic treatment of Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) using 3D cone beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and the Double Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) technique. (2) Methods: 14 patients (9 males and 5 females; aged mean ± SD 15 ± 1.5) with a clinical-radiological diagnosis of OI were analyzed and divided into mild and moderate to severe forms.

Diode versus CO Laser Therapy in the Treatment of High Labial Frenulum Attachment: A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blinded Clinical Trial.

The labial frenula are triangular plicas departing from the alveolar mucosa and attaching themselves at different heights of the gingiva. Sometimes a high attachment can determine a gingival recession. The most suitable surgical resolution is the use of laser devices.

Paediatric Oral Health during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: During the period of health emergency linked to the current COVID-19 pandemic, the paediatric dentists' management of oral health problems in children must have as primary objective the control of the spread of the disease according to specific protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of viral transmission.

Aim: This paper examines the possible clinical conditions that may require intervention by the paediatric dentist, distinguishing clinical situations that fall into the category of paediatric dental emergencies from conditions of oral pathologies that normally do not represent an emergency. The definition of rigorous and highly effective infection control protocols in the dental settings must therefore be complemented by the development and strengthening of remote communication techniques with the parents, who must be adequately educated on preventive and palliative measures for the management of their children's oral health, with the aim of postponing clinical attendance to when the circumstances become favourable.

Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws and dental surgery procedures in children and young people with osteogenesis imperfecta: A systematic review.

Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) contrast the bone fragility and improve bone density in some metastatic cancers and bone diseases, such as Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI). BPs use has been associated with osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJs) in adults needing for invasive dental procedures.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review on BRONJ occurrence after dental surgery in paediatric population under BPs therapy for OI, so as to identify the pre-surgical protocols adopted.

Using of modified rapid palate expander with miniscrews in a patient affected by ectodermic dysplasia.

Objectives: To show the orthodontic treatment in a 8-year-old patient affected by Ectodermal Dysplasia (hypohidrotic type) and presenting multiple agenesiae, contraction of the maxilla and skeletal Class III malocclusion.

Study Design: Because of both oligodontia of primary and secondary dentition and no good retention and anchoring, a hybrid modified rapid palatal expander (RPE) was used. It presented dental anchoring with two bands on first upper molars and skeletal anchoring with two miniscrews in the anterior palate.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in the pediatric age: the role of the dentist.

Objective: Sleep disordered breathing in children designates a wide spectrum of respiratory disorders characterized by partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways. It ranges from primary snoring, its mildest clinical manifestation, to obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS): complete obstruction of the upper airways with cessation of airflow. The aim of this paper is to highlight the roles of the pediatric dentist and the orthodontist in the therapeutic approach to pediatric OSAS as a "sentinel" who can detect early signs of the disease for immediate referral to the otolaryngologist and as an active participant in therapy.

Treatments of sleep bruxism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

: Treatment of sleep bruxism (SB) in children is not well established. The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations on SB therapy in children between the ages of 2 and 17. : A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted.

Malocclusion and rhinitis in children: an easy-going relationship or a yet to be resolved paradox? A systematic literature revision.

Objective: The relation between nasal flow and malocclusion represents a practical concern to pediatricians, otorhinolaryngologists, orthodontists, allergists and speech therapists. If naso-respiratory function may influence craniofacial growth is still debated. Chronic mouth-breathing is reported to be associated also with a characteristic pattern of dental occlusion.

Evaluation of Temporomandibular Disorders and Comorbidities in Patients with Ehler--Danlos: Clinical and Digital Findings.

Objective: The objective of this study is to recognize representative cranio-cervico-mandibular features of patients with Ehler-Danlos syndrome and associated temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), to assess a targeted and integrated treatment plan.

Materials And Methods: After a diagnosis of disease, 38 individiuals with Ehler-Danlos syndrome and temporomandibular symptomatology referred were evaluated. Gnathological evaluation, according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs, and radiographic imaging was performed.

Difficult-to-treat OSAS: Combined continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and mandibular advancement devices (MADs) therapy. A case report.

: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete upper airway collapse during sleep with consequent oxygen desaturations and cardiovascular, neurological, and metabolic impairment. : The authors report the case of a 66-year-old male presenting "metabolic syndrome" (obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, multi-drug treated arterial hypertension), atopy, mouth breathing due to turbinate hypertrophy, and pathological daytime sleepiness. As patient's compliance to standard continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy was poor, he was treated using low-pressure CPAP combined with a mandibular advancement device (MAD).

Skin irritation from a facial mask in Class III malocclusion: evaluation of individual silicone chin cups in a group of 100 children.

Background: Reverse headgear (a facial mask) is one of the most frequently used interceptive orthodontic devices in patients with Class III malocclusion. It is a simple device but may present some drawbacks related to pressure on the skin generated by the forehead and chin supports linked to the maxillary intraoral appliance by elastics. This can cause injury to the chin and lips.

Bisphosphonates therapy in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta: clinical experience in oral surgery.

Objectives: To define the possible complications of oral surgery in childhood in patients affected by type 1 Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and treated with bisphosphonates (BP).

Methods: The study was conducted among 20 patients in childhood with an age range 8-14 (12 ♂ e 8 ♀) affected by OI. Patients were initially evaluated at the Policlinico Umberto I, University Hospital of Rome, Rare Disease Center Skeletal Dysplasia-Bone Metabolic Pathologies and after at the Policlinico Umberto I, University Hospital of Rome, Head and Neck Department, UOC Pediatric Dentistry.

Digital evaluation of occlusal forces: comparison between healthy subjects and TMD patients.

Aim: Continuous technological innovation has provided the clinicians to access to a computerized device that can analyse the different characteristics of occlusal contacts. The purpose of this research was to use this device to study the occlusal forces comparing healthy subjects and TMD patients.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted by following specific criteria to select participants; the sample was divided into two homogeneous groups: control group (CG) comprising healthy subjects, and dysfunctional group (DG) comprising TMD patients.

Graphene-based dental adhesive with anti-biofilm activity.

Background: Secondary caries are considered the main cause of dental restoration failure. In this context, anti-biofilm and bactericidal properties are desired in dental materials against pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans. To this purpose, graphene based materials can be used as fillers of polymer dental adhesives.

Peek polymer in orthodontics: A pilot study on children.

The purpose of the study has been making the orthodontic space maintainers in PEEK polymer (Polyetheretherketone) through a digital workflow. New digital technologies are taking hold in diagnosis, therapy and in dental laboratories. The digital world can help dentist in diagnosis and therapy: -diagnosis through the acquisition of radiographic images (CBCT) or scanners which allow the creation of 3D digital models - about therapy thanks to dental CAD CAM system.

Study of GSK3b inhibitors SB415286 and SB216763 to improve osteoblastic differentiation on microstructured titanium.

Rough titanium surfaces enhance cell response to activation of Wnt canonical signalling, a pathway required for osteoblast differentiation. The present study investigated the effects of GSK3β-inhibitors SB216763 and SB415286 on osteoblastic differentiation on titanium surfaces with different topography and wettability. Osteoblastic MC3T3 cells were plated on smooth (Pickled), sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) or hyper hydrophilic SLA (modSLA) titanium discs and transfected with a reporter vector sys-tem for Wnt canonical signalling.