Structural relationships between psychological factors and college adjustment among medical students in South Korea: focusing on helicopter parenting and respectful parenting.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of helicopter parenting and respectful parenting on medical students' mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment.

Methods: This study constructed a hypothetical model based on the relationship between helicopter parenting, respectful parenting, mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. It set up a structural model to test the fit of the model based on empirical data.

The effectiveness of competency-based global health education programs for medical students.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a competency-based global health education (GHE) program for medical students and analyze its effectiveness.

Methods: The study had a pretest-posttest control group design. The program was developed based on the eight global health competency domains for medical students and implemented for 18 hours over 6 weeks beginning in September 2023.

Differences in fear of failure and college adjustment by type of medical school entrance extrinsic motivation using a latent profile analysis.

Purpose: The decision to enroll in medical school is largely influenced by extrinsic motivation factors. It is necessary to explore the factors that affect pre-med students' motivation to enter medical school and their college adjustment, and to develop measures to help them adjust.

Methods: A total of 407 pre-med students were surveyed regarding their motivation to enter medical school, fear of failure, and college adjustment.

Analysis of the perceptions, competencies, and educational needs for global health among Korean medical students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine perceptions of global health education (GHE) among medical students and their involvement in global health activities and identify priorities of educational needs for developing GHE programs.

Methods: This study was cross-sectional and conducted through an online survey for medical students. The participants were students attending medical schools nationwide, and the final analysis target was 678.

A Composite Blood Biomarker Including AKR1B10 and Cytokeratin 18 for Progressive Types of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Backgruound: We aimed to evaluate whether composite blood biomarkers including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18; a nonalcoholic steatohepatitis [NASH] marker) have clinically applicable performance for the diagnosis of NASH, advanced liver fibrosis, and high-risk NASH (NASH+significant fibrosis).

Methods: A total of 116 subjects including healthy control subjects and patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were analyzed to assess composite blood-based and imaging-based biomarkers either singly or in combination.

Results: A composite blood biomarker comprised of AKR1B10, CK-18, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) showed excellent performance for the diagnosis of, NASH, advanced fibrosis, and high-risk NASH, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.

Consensus on global health competencies for Korean medical students using a modified Delphi method.

Purpose: This study aimed to reach a consensus among experts on the global health competencies for medical students in Korea.

Methods: A global health competency model was developed to identify domains and competencies for medical education, and a three-round modified Delphi method was used to reach consensus among 21 experts on the essential global health competencies. The degree of convergence, degree of consensus, and content validity ratio of the model were used to reach a consensus.

Effects of dapagliflozin compared with glimepiride on body composition in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin: The BEYOND study.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on body composition such as total body fat (BF) mass, abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas compared with glimepiride in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This was a 52-week, multicentre, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, Phase IV (NCT02564926) study. Patients with inadequate glycaemic control (glycated haemoglobin ≥7.

Association between first-step analgesic use and cancer in patients with diabetes.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of analgesics in inhibiting cancer development in patients with diabetes based on a sample cohort supplied by the Korean National Health Insurance Service.

Materials And Methods: Regular users of analgesics included those using prescription analgesics ≥ 15 days per month at least 6 times over 2 years after the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (baseline). The effectiveness of analgesics in patients with diabetes was evaluated using metformin adherence and three models: model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; model 2 was further adjusted for body mass index (BMI), exercise, cholesterol, hypertension, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI); and model 3 was further adjusted for analgesics.

Association Between DPP4 Inhibitor Use and the Incidence of Cirrhosis, ESRD, and Some Cancers in Patients With Diabetes.

Context: There are relatively few data on noncardiovascular (non-CV) long-term clinical outcomes of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor (DPP4i) treatment.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate some non-CV effects of DPP4is in patients with diabetes.

Methods: Based on data from the National Health Insurance Service database in Korea (2007-2018), we conducted 3 pairwise comparisons of metformin-combined antidiabetic therapies in adult patients with diabetes: DPP4is vs (1) all other oral antidiabetic agents, (2) sulfonylureas/glinides, and (3) thiazolidinediones (TZDs).

Plasma and urinary extracellular vesicle microRNAs and their related pathways in diabetic kidney disease.

To explore extracellular vesicle microRNAs (EV miRNAs) and their target mRNAs in relation to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), we performed paired plasma and urinary EV small RNA sequencing (n = 18) in patients with type 2 diabetes and DKD (n = 5) and healthy subjects (n = 4) and metabolic network analyses using our own miRNA and public mRNA datasets. We found 13 common differentially expressed EV miRNAs in both fluids and 17 target mRNAs, including RRM2, NT5E, and UGDH. Because succinate dehydrogenase B was suggested to interact with proteins encoded by these three genes, we measured urinary succinate and adenosine in a validation study (n = 194).

Barriers to initiating SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease: a real-world study.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) should be considered for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) having estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) > 30 mg/g. However, SGLT2i is currently underprescribed among eligible, at-risk patients for CKD progression.

Magnetic Resonance-Based Assessments Better Capture Pathophysiologic Profiles and Progression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Background: Several noninvasive tools are available for the assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) including clinical and blood biomarkers, transient elastography (TE), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) and magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate whether magnetic resonance (MR)-based examinations better discriminate the pathophysiologic features and fibrosis progression in NAFLD than other noninvasive methods.

Methods: A total of 133 subjects (31 healthy volunteers and 102 patients with NAFLD) were subjected to clinical and noninvasive NAFLD evaluation, with additional liver biopsy in some patients (n=54).

Efficacy and Safety of Prescription Omega-3 Fatty Acids Added to Stable Statin Therapy in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertriglyceridemia: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of omega-3 fatty acids added to statin monotherapy in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes who have persistent hypertriglyceridemia despite statin therapy.

Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in 4 clinical sites between February 2009 and February 2011. The inclusion criteria were patients with type 2 diabetes who had received ≥6 weeks of statin therapy and had fasting triglyceride (TG) levels ≥1.

The profiles of microRNAs from urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) prepared by various isolation methods and their correlation with serum EV microRNAs.

Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that circulate in biological fluids are frequently enclosed in extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, urinary EVs and their cargo miRNAs have not been systematically studied according to their EV isolation methods.

Methods: In type 2 diabetes mellitus persons with diabetic nephropathy (n = 4), we compared miRNA species in urine EVs prepared by ultracentrifugation (UC), qEV original size exclusion column (qEV), ExoQuick-TC Plus (ExoQuick), and ultrafiltration using Amicon Ultra centrifugal filter devices (Amicons) 10 K and 100 K.

Body Fat Is Related to Sedentary Behavior and Light Physical Activity but Not to Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) has emerged as a new risk factor for cardiovascular accidents. We investigated whether physical activity levels or SB were related to percent body fat (%BF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: In this cross sectional study, we measured the duration of SB, light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total energy expenditure, and step counts using a wireless activity tracker (Fitbit HR; FB) for 7 days in free-living conditions, along with %BF using a bio impedance analyzer (Inbody; Biospace) in 120 smartphone users with T2DM.

γ-Linolenic Acid versus α-Lipoic Acid for Treating Painful Diabetic Neuropathy in Adults: A 12-Week, Double-Placebo, Randomized, Noninferiority Trial.

Background: This study was a multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, noninferiority trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of γ-linolenic acid (GLA) relative to α-lipoic acid (ALA) over a 12-week treatment period in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Methods: This study included 100 T2DM patients between 20 and 75 years of age who had painful DPN and received either GLA (320 mg/day) and placebo or ALA (600 mg/day) and placebo for 12 weeks. The primary outcome measures were mean changes in pain intensities as measured by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the total symptom scores (TSS).

miR2Diabetes: A Literature-Curated Database of microRNA Expression Patterns, in Diabetic Microvascular Complications.

microRNAs (miRNAs) have been established as critical regulators of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetes microvascular complications (DMCs). However, manually curated databases for miRNAs, and DM (including DMCs) association studies, have yet to be established. Here, we constructed a user-friendly database, "miR2Diabetes," equipped with a graphical web interface for simple browsing or searching manually curated annotations.

The effects of DPP4 inhibitors on the levels of plasma catecholamines and their metabolites in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4Is) can increase sympathetic activity. We aimed to evaluate the direct association between serum DPP4 activity and sympathetic activity in humans.

Methods: Fasting serum DPP4 activity and plasma levels of catecholamines and their metabolites were measured in 211 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated with DPP4I (n = 146) or non-DPP4I therapy (n = 65) and in healthy control subjects (n = 30).

Characterization of variable presentations of diabetic ketoacidosis based on blood ketone levels and major society diagnostic criteria: a new view point on the assessment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of blood ketone measurement and to test the performance of the diagnostic criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) issued by the American Diabetes Association, the Joint British Diabetes Societies, and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American College of Endocrinology.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included 278 patients with suspected DKA who were hospitalized at 4 university hospitals and aged ≥16 years with a blood glucose level of >200 mg/dL and a blood ketone level of ≥1.0 mmol/L as well as other biochemical data.

Does early depressive mood expire following radical retropubic prostatectomy in patients with localized prostate cancer?

In this study, the pattern of depressive mood in patients following radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer (PCa) was determined. A total of 30 patients (aged 68.03±6.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Provide Better Long-Term Survival Benefits to Patients With AMI Than Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers After Survival Hospital Discharge.

Aim: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RASIs) are widely used in high-risk cardiovascular (CV) diseases, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, it is not yet clear which class of RASIs provides specific benefits to patients with AMI. The present study aimed to evaluate whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) had any different effects on long-term CV and all-cause mortality in patients with AMI who received either agent from admission and were discharged alive from the hospital.

Urinary and Blood MicroRNA-126 and -770 are Potential Noninvasive Biomarker Candidates for Diabetic Nephropathy: a Meta-Analysis.

Background/aims: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major diabetic microvascular complication, has a long and growing list of biomarkers, including microRNA biomarkers, which have not been consistent across preclinical and clinical studies. This meta-analysis aims to identify significant blood- and urine-incident microRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarker candidates for DN.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from their earliest records through 12th Dec 2016.

Efficacy and Safety of Adding Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Statin-treated Patients with Residual Hypertriglyceridemia: ROMANTIC (Rosuvastatin-OMAcor iN residual hyperTrIglyCeridemia), a Randomized, Double-blind, and Placebo-controlled Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy and safety of adding ω-3 fatty acids to rosuvastatin in patients with residual hypertriglyceridemia despite statin treatment.

Methods: This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After a 4-week run-in period of rosuvastatin treatment, the patients who had residual hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to receive rosuvastatin 20 mg/d plus ω-3 fatty acids 4 g/d (ROSUMEGA group) or rosuvastatin 20 mg/d (rosuvastatin group) with a 1:1 ratio and were prescribed each medication for 8 weeks.

Statin has more protective effects in AMI patients with higher plasma BNP or NT-proBNP level, but not with lower left ventricular ejection fraction.

Background: The benefit of statin therapy in patients with higher grades of heart failure has yet to be determined. The present study investigated whether statin therapy affects major composite outcomes (MCOs) and all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 1 year after AMI, according to their plasma natriuretic peptide (NP) levels and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods: A total of 11,492 patients with AMI from two nationwide registry databases in Korea were analyzed.

Free triiodothyronine/free thyroxine ratio rather than thyrotropin is more associated with metabolic parameters in healthy euthyroid adult subjects.

Objective: The interrelation between TSH, thyroid hormones and metabolic parameters is complex and has not been confirmed. This study aimed to determine the association of TSH and thyroid hormones in euthyroid subjects and the relationship between thyroid function and metabolic risk factors. Furthermore, this study examined whether thyroid function has predictive power for metabolic syndrome.