International Consensus Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis and Septic Shock.

Importance: Sepsis is a leading cause of death among children worldwide. Current pediatric-specific criteria for sepsis were published in 2005 based on expert opinion. In 2016, the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3) defined sepsis as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, but it excluded children.

Helicopter versus ground ambulance transport for interfacility transfer of critically ill children.

Background: Following initial stabilization, critically ill children often require transfer to a specialized pediatric hospital. While the use of specialized pediatric transport teams has been associated with improved outcomes for these patients, the additional influence of transfer mode (helicopter or ground ambulance) on clinical outcomes remains unknown.

Methods: We investigated the association between transport mode and outcomes among critically ill children transferred to a single pediatric hospital via a specialized pediatric transport team.

Measuring Social Health Following Pediatric Critical Illness: A Scoping Review and Conceptual Framework.

Objective: Social health is an important component of recovery following critical illness as modeled in the pediatric Post-Intensive Care Syndrome framework. We conducted a scoping review of studies measuring social outcomes (measurable components of social health) following pediatric critical illness and propose a conceptual framework of the social outcomes measured in these studies.

Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Registry.

Criteria for Pediatric Sepsis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the Pediatric Sepsis Definition Taskforce.

Objective: To determine the associations of demographic, clinical, laboratory, organ dysfunction, and illness severity variable values with: 1) sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock in children with infection and 2) multiple organ dysfunction or death in children with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from January 1, 2004, and November 16, 2020.

Study Selection: Case-control studies, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials in children greater than or equal to 37-week-old postconception to 18 years with suspected or confirmed infection, which included the terms "sepsis," "septicemia," or "septic shock" in the title or abstract.

Sepsis Subclasses: A Framework for Development and Interpretation.

Sepsis is defined as a dysregulated host response to infection that leads to life-threatening acute organ dysfunction. It afflicts approximately 50 million people worldwide annually and is often deadly, even when evidence-based guidelines are applied promptly. Many randomized trials tested therapies for sepsis over the past 2 decades, but most have not proven beneficial.

Association Between the New York Sepsis Care Mandate and In-Hospital Mortality for Pediatric Sepsis.

Importance: The death of a pediatric patient with sepsis motivated New York to mandate statewide sepsis treatment in 2013. The mandate included a 1-hour bundle of blood cultures, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and a 20-mL/kg intravenous fluid bolus. Whether completing the bundle elements within 1 hour improves outcomes is unclear.

Epidemiology of Sepsis Among Adolescents at Community Hospital Emergency Departments: Implications for Rory's Regulations.

In 2012, Rory Staunton, a healthy 12-year-old boy, presented to the emergency department (ED) of a community hospital in New York with symptoms that, in retrospect, were determined to be caused by sepsis. He was seen, discharged, and subsequently died of septic shock. Consequently, the governor introduced Rory’s Regulations, which mandated that hospitals in New York implement protocols to recognize and treat sepsis according to evidence-based guidelines.

Sleep quality and its correlates in the first year of dialysis.

Although sleep problems are thought to be prevalent among patients who undergo dialysis, there is only limited information on the determinants of sleep quality and the change in sleep quality during the first year of dialysis treatment. This report uses data from a national cohort study of incident hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients to identify the correlates of sleep quality and to determine the extent to which sleep quality is related to patients' health-related quality of life and survival. This report includes 909 incident dialysis patients who responded to questions about sleep quality.

Skipped treatments, markers of nutritional nonadherence, and survival among incident hemodialysis patients.

Background: Skipping hemodialysis treatments and failing to adhere to prescribed diets are thought to injure hemodialysis patients.

Methods: We examined predictors of hemodialysis skipping and laboratory measures of nonadherence and then examined the association of dialysis skipping and serum potassium and phosphate levels with survival.

Results: Of 739 patients, 67 were classified as skippers because they were absent for greater than 3% of scheduled treatments.

Comorbid conditions in kidney transplantation: association with graft and patient survival.

Although the impact of comorbidity on outcomes in ESRD has been evaluated extensively, its contribution after kidney transplantation has not been well studied. It is believed that comorbidity assessment is critical to the informed interpretation of kidney transplant outcomes. In this study, the Charlson Comorbidity Index was used to assess the comorbid conditions of 715 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at the Starzl Transplant Institute between January 1998 and January 2003.

Post-transplantation growth among pediatric recipients of liver transplantation.

Improving a patient's quality-of-life (QOL) post-liver transplantation is of great importance. An aspect of improved QOL is the restoration of normal growth patterns in pediatric patients. To describe the post-transplantation growth patterns of 72 children included in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases - Liver Transplantation Database (NIDDK-LTD), multilevel models were used, according to which children who waited more than a year for transplantation were smaller, compared with age and sex matched peers, at transplantation than children who waited less than a year while children who were growth retarded at transplantation experienced a larger yearly comparison height increase than children who were not growth retarded.