[Validity studies in laparoscopic simulation. Methodology and design considerations.].

Objectives: To describe a roadmap of the most representative milestones and considerations in the validation of surgical simulators, especially those of laparoscopic surgery. And additionally, help determine when in this process a simulator can be considered as validated.

Methods: A non-systematic review was carried out searching terms like simulation, validation, training, assessment, skills and learning curve, as well as providing the experience accumulated by our center.

Laparoscopic Cholecystoduodenostomy in Dogs: Canine Cadaver Feasibility Study.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopic cholecystoduodenostomy in canine cadavers using barbed self-locking sutures.

Study Design: In vivo experimental study.

Animals: Fresh male Beagle cadavers (n=5).

Changes on Adipose Tissue Distribution After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Obese Göttingen Minipig. Effects on Glucose Metabolism.

Background: The objective of the study was to assess Roux-en-Y independent-to-weight metabolic effects on an obese Gottingen minipig.

Methods: Eleven castrated Göttingen minipigs were enrolled. Minipigs became obese after a 9-month period of experimental diet.

Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy With Potassium-titanyl-phosphate Laser Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: An Animal Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To explore the feasibility, safety, and short-term results of potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (KTP-LPN) vs conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (C-LPN).

Materials And Methods: Thirty large white female pigs were randomized to KTP-LPN or C-LPN. Laparoscopic radical right nephrectomy was performed, and an artificial renal tumor was placed in the left kidney in 3 locations.

Muscle activity and hand motion in veterinarians performing laparoscopic training tasks with a box trainer.

Objective: To evaluate muscle activity and hand motion in veterinarians performing a standard set of laparoscopic training tasks.

Sample: 12 veterinarians with experience performing laparoscopic procedures.

Procedures: Participants were asked to perform peg transfer, coordination, precision cutting, and suturing tasks in a laparoscopic box trainer.

Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills in Veterinarians Using a Canine Laparoscopic Simulator.

The aim of the present study was to assess the content and construct validity of the Canine Laparoscopic Simulator (CLS). Forty-two veterinarians were assigned to experienced (n=12), control (n=15), and training (n=15) groups, which were assessed while performing four laparoscopic tasks on the CLS. The initial and final assessments of all tasks were performed blindly by two experienced surgeons using the Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) and a task-specific checklist.

Laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs: comparison between laparoendoscopic single-site and three-portal access.

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility and therapeutic safety of laparoendoscopic single-site ovariectomy (LESS-OVE) and 3-portal laparoscopic ovariectomy (Lap-OVE) in dogs. Ten female mixed breed dogs were included in the study. Dogs were divided into group 1 (LESS-OVE; n = 5) and group 2 (Lap-OVE; n = 5).

Comparison of single access devices during cut and suturing tasks on simulator.

Background: Published comparisons of the different available laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) devices focused on its economic cost and technical aspects. With this study, we aimed to objectively compare the use of three different LESS access devices in controlled experimental tasks.

Materials And Methods: Twenty subjects participated in simulator trials.

Development and evaluation of a canine laparoscopic simulator for veterinary clinical training.

Human laparoscopic simulators have been used in medical education for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the past years. Simulator-based laparoscopic training has attracted much interest because unique skills have to be learned not only by surgeons in training but also by surgeons in practice. MIS forces the surgeon to adapt to monocular vision and decreased tactile sensation and entails training and improving hand-eye and hand-hand coordination.

Performance analysis on physical simulator of four different instrument setups in laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery.

Background: Over the past decades, minimally invasive surgery has undergone continuous development due to the demand for scarless results, with laparo-endoscopic single-site (LESS) surgery constituting one of today's most favored alternatives. In this study, we aim to assess the relative technical difficulty and performance benefits of dynamic articulating and pre-bent instruments, either combined with conventional laparoscopic tools or not, during the completion of two basic tasks hands-on simulator.

Methods: A total of 20 surgeons were included and performed two basic simulator tasks-coordination and cutting-carried out using four different combinations of LESS-designed and straight conventional laparoscopy instruments.

Ureteral obstruction swine model through laparoscopy and single port for training on laparoscopic pyeloplasty.

This study aims firstly to assess the most adequate surgical approach for the creation of an ureteropelvic juntion obstruction (UPJO) animal model, and secondly to validate this model for laparoscopic pyeloplasty training among urologists. Thirty six Large White pigs (28.29±5.

Ergonomic analysis of muscle activity in the forearm and back muscles during laparoscopic surgery: influence of previous experience and performed task.

Purpose: The first aim of this study is to analyze the muscle activity in back and forearm muscles in surgeons during laparoscopic dissection and suturing maneuvers. The second aim is to determine the influence of the surgeons' previous experience in laparoscopic surgery.

Methods: A total of 30 laparoscopic surgeons were divided in 3 groups: novice suturing, novice dissecting, and experts suturing.

[Training and research in urologic laparoscopic surgery. Design of training programs and experimental models of renal tumor].

We present our experience with surgical training programs development for basic and advanced laparoscopic urological surgery. Both training programs consist of 21 and 28 hours respectively. Basic surgical programs start with general knowledge of ergonomics and instrumentation, there after, attendants acquire basic skills on physical simulator.

[Preliminary validation of the Simulap(®) physical simulator and its assessment system for laparoscopic surgery].

Introduction: Our aim is to assess the face and content validities of the physical simulator Simulap(®), as well as the construct validity of its assessment method.

Material And Methods: Five novice surgeons (G1) and five experts (G2) performed seven basic tasks and one suturing exercise on Simulap(®), which were assessed through an exam based on mistakes and performance time. Face and content validations were carried out by novice surgeons and expert surgeons, respectively.

[Ergonomics in laparoscopic surgery and its importance in surgical training].

Despite the many advantages that laparoscopic surgery has for patients, it involves a series of risks for the surgeon. These are related to the reduced freedom of movement and forced postures which lead to greater muscle fatigue than with conventional surgery. In laparoscopic surgery there are few references on the introduction of training programs in ergonomics, despite the numerous advantages demonstrated in other disciplines.

Laparoscopic sonography in the urinary system.

This work reports the use of laparoscopic-transducer sonography for the examination of the urinary system in a swine model. Animals underwent a two-phase study. In the first phase, the urinary system was examined using laparoscopic sonography.