Pathophysiology of Postoperative Hearing Disorders after Vestibular Schwannoma Resection: Insights from Auditory Brainstem Response and Otoacoustic Emissions.

: In order to better understand the pathophysiology of surgically induced hearing loss after vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery, we postoperatively analyzed the hearing status in a series of patients where hearing was at least partially preserved. : Hearing was assessed through tonal audiometry, speech discrimination score, maximum word recognition score (dissyllabic word lists-MaxIS), otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tumor characterization was also noted.

Endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy for basilar invagination in children: Literature review and case report.

Background: Basilar invagination (BI) is an uncommon clinical condition of the craniocervical junction (CCJ). Surgical management depends on 2 factors: mobility and reducibility; in cases of irreducible dislocation or persistent compression, odontoidectomy should be considered.

Case Discussion: We present the case of a 13-year-old boy with severe BI, causing cervical myelopathy with progressive gait disorder.

Pituitary Abscess: A Challenging Preoperative Diagnosis-A Multicenter Study.

Pituitary abscess (PA) is a rare occurrence, representing less than 1% of pituitary lesions, and is defined by the presence of an infected purulent collection within the sella turcica. Pas can be classified as either primary, when the underlying pituitary is normal prior to infection, or secondary, when there is associated a pre-existing sellar pathology (i.e.

Present and future of the labyrinth imaging: Focus on the use of T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced delayed FLAIR (1 h) sequences.

Objective: Part of the recent progress in the labyrinth imaging has been made possible by the rise of contrast-free T2-weighted and delayed (1h) FLAIR sequences. The aim of this article is to review evidence for the use of these two sequences to image the inner ear, especially the posterior membranous labyrinth.

Material And Methods: We analyzed MRI-based papers (2007-2020)using high-resolution T2-weighted or contrast-enhanced FLAIR (1h) sequences to image the inner ear.

A Laboratory Investigation on a Tailored Skin and Muscle Flap Variant for the Retrosigmoid Approach.

 An anatomical study was conducted to test a modified C-shaped flap designed for patients undergoing a keyhole approach and/or minicraniotomy for retrosigmoid approach (KRSA).  Ten heads specimens were used. The surgical technique investigated was based on a 4-cm C-shaped skin incision with medial convexity (placed 8 cm laterally to the external occipital protuberance, with the lower edge terminating 1.

An image-guided (CT) assessment of a new asymmetric balloon for the treatment of epistaxis.

Purpose: The main objective was to perform an image-guided (CT) assessment of the efficacy of the CAVI-T™ balloon to compress the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) on cadaver heads, for the management of epistaxis. The secondary objectives were to analyse the deployment and stability of this balloon according to the volume injected into the nasal cavity, to optimise its use.

Methods: A descriptive anatomical study was performed.

Endoscopic Transorbital Approaches to Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossa: Exploring the Potentialities of a Modified Lateral Retrocanthal Approach.

Background: Among the new perspectives to revolutionize skull base surgery, there are the transorbital neuroendoscopic (TONES) approaches to reach the anterior and middle cranial fossa (ACF and MCF). We conceived to explore the potentialities of a modified superiorly and medially extended lateral retrocanthal (LRC) approach.

Methods: Six head specimens were dissected.

Meniere's attack - a volume or pressure phenomenon?

Meniere's disease (MD) still raises since its discovery in 1860 pathophysiological and etiopathogenical issues. The main pathophysiological feature that has emerged for decades is an anatomic one, the endolymphatic hydrops (EH), defined by the inflation of the endolymphatic part of the membranous labyrinth. However, the causal relationship between EH and MD has not been proven.

Auditory biophysics of endolymphatic hydrops.

Audiological tests in patients with Menière's disease reveal abnormal patterns relevant for diagnostic purposes with some success. Electrocochleography, otoacoustic emissions and immittance measurements share a moderate sensitivity but a good specificity. Their potential for monitoring the patients suggests means to understand the characteristic time course of Menière's disease and the pathophysiology behind its attacks.

Endoscopic Transorbital Approaches to Anterior and Middle Cranial Fossa: A Laboratory Investigation on Surgical Anatomy and Potential Routes.

 Transorbital neuroendoscopic (TONES) approaches promise to open up new horizons for skull base surgery, offering alternative routes to reach the anterior and middle cranial fossa (ACF and MCF, respectively).  The aim of this anatomical study is to acquire new surgical anatomy knowledge and exploit it for the refinement of TONES approaches, as an alternative to open surgery, to reduce the distance to the target, and the risk of neurovascular lesions in pathological conditions extending beyond the orbital cavity.  Six head specimens (12 orbits) were studied/dissected.

Importance of signal intensity on T1-weighted spin-echo sequence for the diagnosis of chronic cholesteatomatous otitis.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the importance of a non-injected T1-weighted spin-echo sequence (T1WSE) combined with a non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted (non-EPDW) sequence for the pre-operative detection of cholesteatoma by the radiologist on MRI, compared to surgery.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective case review, 113 patients with chronic otitis underwent surgery (gold standard) for a clinical suspicion of cholesteatoma. Our primary outcome was to compare non-EPDW images + a contrast-free T1WSE sequence for cholesteatoma detection.

Sialendoscopy under conscious sedation versus general anesthesia. A comparative study.

Objective: Sialendoscopy is a minimally invasive emerging approach, the general surgical technique has been published but many essential questions still need to be addressed with the aim of improving outcomes. For instance, should we systematically perform sialendoscopy under conscious sedation (CS) or general anesthesia (GA)? What are the limitations of CS? The objective of this study is to compare these two modalities.

Methodology: A retrospective study of 70 patients who had undergone a sialendoscopy between 2014 and 2016 (34 under GA and 36 under CS).

Abnormal fast fluctuations of electrocochleography and otoacoustic emissions in Menière's disease.

The responses of cochlear hair cells to sound stimuli depend on the resting position of their stereocilia bundles, which is sensitive to the chemical and mechanical environment. Cochlear hydrops, a hallmark of Menière's disease (MD), which is likely to come with disruption of this environment, results in hearing symptoms and electrophysiological signs, such as excessive changes in the cochlear summating potential (SP) and in the postural shifts of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Here, SP from the basal part of the cochlea and DPOAEs from the apical part of the cochlea were recorded concomitantly in 73 patients with a definite MD, near an attack (n = 40) or between attacks with no clinical symptoms (n = 33), to compare their sensitivities to posture and evaluate their stability.