Primitive reflexes and dementia in older adults: a meta-analysis of observational and cohort studies.

Primitive reflexes (PRs) are clinical signs that indicate diffuse cerebral dysfunction and frontal lesions. We aimed to present a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence and risk of PRs in patients with dementia. English-language articles published from January 1990 to April 2021 were searched in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Web of Science with keywords.

The relationship between morning blood pressure surge and asymptomatic episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with systemic arterial hypertension.

Background: Hypertension is a known risk factor for developing atrial fibrillation. However, there is limited data to investigate the association between morning blood pressure surge (MBPS) and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). We conducted the present study to determine whether there is a relationship between asymptomatic PAF and MBPS and whether MBPS may be a predictor of asymptomatic PAF episodes.

Orthostatic hypotension in dementia with Lewy bodies: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Purpose: Orthostatic hypotension (OH), one of the supportive clinical features in the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), is a significant problem in advanced age because of its severe negative consequences. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prevalence and risk of OH in patients with DLB.

Methods: The indexes and databases cited to identify relevant studies were PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, and Web of Science.

Transanal endorectal or transabdominal pull-through for Hirschsprung's disease; which is better? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Hesitations concerning the long-term results of transanal endorectal pull-through (TEPT) due to prolonged anal stretching and resultant stricture and continence problems has been started to be questioned. This meta-analysis intended to compare long-term results between TEPT and transabdominal (TAB) pull-through techniques in the surgical management of Hirschsprung's disease.

Methods: All publications between the years 1998-2021 in the PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases were reviewed.

E-mail-based health care in patients with dementia during the pandemic.

Introduction/aim: Frail and cognitively impaired older patients are particularly vulnerable groups during the pandemic. Lockdowns, social isolation, and physical inactivity considerably affect physical and mental wellbeing. During the pandemic process, routine medical checks and acute medical care services may be disrupted.

A Comparison of Cerebrospinal Fluid Beta-Amyloid and Tau in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Neurodegenerative Dementias.

Purpose: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is the leading reversible cause of cognitive impairment and gait disturbance that has similar clinical manifestations and accompanies to major neurodegenerative disorders in older adults. We aimed to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be useful in the differential diagnosis of iNPH.

Patients And Methods: Amyloid-beta (Aß) 42 and 40, total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were measured via ELISA in 192 consecutive CSF samples of patients with iNPH (n=80), AD (n=48), frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (n=34), Lewy body diseases (LBDs) (n=30) consisting of Parkinson's disease dementia and dementia with Lewy bodies.

Orthostatic hypotension in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Background: Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a clinical sign associated with severe adverse health outcomes in older adults. It has been reported to be common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). The present meta-analysis aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk of OH in AD patients.

Comparison of forecast accuracy of and exponential smoothing.

Forecasting is a crucial step in almost all scientific research and is essential in many areas of industrial, commercial, clinical and economic activity. There are many forecasting methods in the literature; but exponential smoothing stands out due to its simplicity and accuracy. Despite the facts that exponential smoothing is widely used and has been in the literature for a long time, it suffers from some problems that potentially affect the model's forecast accuracy.

Long-term effects of vitamin D deficiency on gait and balance in the older adults.

Background & Aims: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health problem. The resulting data showed that vitamin D is associated not only with calcium homeostasis, skeletal muscle health, but also with some chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate long-term effects of vitamin D deficiency on gait-balance parameters in older adults.

Validation of population-based cutoffs for low muscle mass and strength in a population of Turkish elderly adults.

Background: Despite differences between the studies regarding methods for estimating low muscle mass, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) recommends use of two standard deviations (SDs) below the reference sex-specific means of healthy young adults.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the cutoff points of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HS) in Turkish population and to compare the power of different cutoff points to predict comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) parameters.

Methods: Two hundred and eight young healthy volunteers (104 women, 104 men) were included in the study to define SMI, HS cutoff values.

Factors that Increase Risk of Falling in Older Men according to Four Different Clinical Methods.

: Falling is an important health problem for older men. In this study, we aim to identify factors that increase risk of falling in only older men using four different fall risk assessment methods.: 334 men, who attended a geriatric outpatient clinic and underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, were included in the study.

Assessment of factors that increase risk of falling in older women by four different clinical methods.

Background: Women aged 65 years and over are at increased risk of falling. Falls in this age group increase the risk of morbidity and mortality.

Aims: The aim of the present study was to find the most common factors that increase the risk of falling in older women, by using four different assessment methods.

Cumulative incidence regression for dynamic treatment regimens.

Recently dynamic treatment regimens (DTRs) have drawn considerable attention, as an effective tool for personalizing medicine. Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trials (SMARTs) are often used to gather data for making inference on DTRs. In this article, we focus on regression analysis of DTRs from a two-stage SMART for competing risk outcomes based on cumulative incidence functions (CIFs).

Decreased Basal Metabolic Rate Can Be an Objective Marker for Sarcopenia and Frailty in Older Males.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the ability of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) to detect frailty and sarcopenia in older males.

Setting And Participants: A total of 305 male patients undergoing comprehensive geriatric assessment were included in the study.

Measures: The frailty status was assessed with the Fried criteria.