CdgL is a degenerate nucleotide cyclase domain protein affecting flagellin synthesis and motility in Bacillus thuringiensis.

In Bacillus subtilis, motility genes are expressed in a hierarchical pattern - governed by the σ transcription factor and other proteins such as the EpsE molecular clutch and SlrA/SlrR regulator proteins. In contrast, motile species in the Bacillus cereus group seem to express their motility genes in a non-hierarchical pattern, and less is known about their regulation, also given that no orthologs to σ, EpsE, SlrA or SlrR are found in B. cereus group genomes.

MogR Is a Ubiquitous Transcriptional Repressor Affecting Motility, Biofilm Formation and Virulence in .

Flagellar motility is considered an important virulence factor in different pathogenic bacteria. In the transcriptional repressor MogR regulates motility in a temperature-dependent manner, directly repressing flagellar- and chemotaxis genes. The only other bacteria known to carry a homolog are members of the group, which includes motile species such as and as well as the non-motile species , and Furthermore, the main motility locus in group bacteria, carrying the genes for flagellar synthesis, appears to be more closely related to than to , which belongs to a separate phylogenetic group of Bacilli and does not carry a ortholog.

The Gene Is Required for the Resistance of to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in .

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential effectors of the host innate immune system and they represent promising molecules for the treatment of multidrug resistant microbes. A better understanding of microbial resistance to these defense peptides is thus prerequisite for the control of infectious diseases. Here, using a random mutagenesis approach, we identify the gene, encoding an internal molecular ruler that controls flagella hook length, as an essential element for resistance to AMPs in .

Vaccination with outer membrane vesicles from Francisella noatunensis reduces development of francisellosis in a zebrafish model.

Infection of fish with the facultative intracellular bacterium Francisella noatunensis remains an unresolved problem for aquaculture industry worldwide as it is difficult to vaccinate against without using live attenuated vaccines. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are biological structures shed by Gram-negative bacteria in response to various environmental stimuli. OMVs have successfully been used to vaccinate against both intracellular and extracellular pathogens, due to an ability to stimulate innate, cell-mediated and humoral immune responses.

SecDF as part of the Sec-translocase facilitates efficient secretion of Bacillus cereus toxins and cell wall-associated proteins.

The aim of this study was to explore the role of SecDF in protein secretion in Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 by in-depth characterization of a markerless secDF knock out mutant. Deletion of secDF resulted in pleiotropic effects characterized by a moderately slower growth rate, aberrant cell morphology, enhanced susceptibility to xenobiotics, reduced virulence and motility. Most toxins, including food poisoning-associated enterotoxins Nhe, Hbl, and cytotoxin K, as well as phospholipase C were less abundant in the secretome of the ΔsecDF mutant as determined by label-free mass spectrometry.

Chemical and biological characterization of pectin-like polysaccharides from the bark of the Malian medicinal tree Cola cordifolia.

The bark of Cola cordifolia used in Malian traditional medicine contains unusual types of polysaccharides with immunomodulating activities. We report for the first time on the structure of a polymer designated CC1P1 having the repeating structure [2→)[α-D-Gal(1→3)]α-L-Rha(1→4)α-d-GalA(1→] as determined by NMR and GC/MS. α-Linked Gal is unusual in pectins.

Influence of liposomal formulation variables on the interaction with Candida albicans in biofilm; a multivariate approach.

Candida albicans is a species commonly associated with biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to identify liposomal formulation variables influencing the adhesion of liposomes to C. albicans in biofilm.