Effects of paternal lymphocyte immunization in women with unexplained infertility.

Objective: Infertility in women could be a result of an excessive production of antisperm antibody (ASA). Paternal lymphocyte immunization (PLI) could decrease the ASA levels, but the mechanism is still unclear. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of a PLI-induced ASA decline on regulatory T-cell populations and serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in women with unexplained infertility.

Vitamin K2 treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Indonesia.

Aim: To investigate the effect of vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) and a bone metabolic marker (osteocalcin) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis living in Indonesia.

Methods: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study of 63 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The vitamin K2 group (n = 33) received 45 mg menatetrenone and 1500 mg calcium carbonate per day and the control group (n = 30) received placebo and 1500 mg calcium carbonate per day for 48 weeks.