[Practical training of pharmacokinetics with an web-based simulation application].

A computer simulation application on pharmacokinetics, which we developed using a software, named "Stella", has been successfully used for the virtual training of pharmacokinetics at multiple medical schools. The training course using Stella has encouraged the medical students to optimize drug administration for individual patients on the computers. Importantly, the virtual training is free of any concern on human and animal ethics.

Anti-atherosclerotic effects of tamoxifen in cholesterol-fed ovariectomized rabbits.

It has been indicated that the anti-estrogen agent, tamoxifen, developed for the treatment of breast cancer, may act on the vascular system as an estrogen agonist. However, to our knowledge few reports suggest that tamoxifen exerts anti-atherogenic actions. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-atherosclerotic effects of tamoxifen in ovariectomized cholesterol-fed rabbits.

Effects of osthole on postmenopausal osteoporosis using ovariectomized rats; comparison to the effects of estradiol.

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of osthole on postmenopausal osteoporosis using ovariectomized (OVX) rats. All of the rats were divided into sham and OVX groups. At 2 weeks post-operation, the sham-operated rats received solvent vehicle (97% corn oil and 3% ethanol, 1.